A multi-function test rig was designed to facilitate experimental studies for journal bearing boundary lubrication behaviour improvement. The test rig components were designed and manufactured. It consisted of drive motor, drive shaft, bearing assembly, foundation, automatic control and data acquisition system. Fabrication and setup of the test rig were conducted taking into account industrial safety and risk assessment. Components have been individually tested and finally, overall test was performed, and was found to be quite satisfactory. The test rig unit is capable of being used for a wide range of journal bearing lubrication tests e.g., bearing material composition, lubricant additives, speed variation and bearing geometry study. Several test trials were conducted, with the aim of verifying that the mathematical outcomes derived were in complete accordance with the experimental results reached. Those endeavours have culminated in a guarantee that the practically assembled target test rig was in harmony with the inferred mathematical calculations on which the structuring process was primarily based.
Analysis of Micropile Constructed in Sandy Soil of Ismailia Area /
قطاع الدراسات الهندسية / الهندسة المدنية
تخصص البحث : الهندسة المدنية
Port Said Engineering Research Journal / / VOL.22 NO 1 - MARCH2018
تاريخ تقديم البحث 05/06/2018
تاريخ قبول البحث 05/06/2018
عدد صفحات البحث 11
علاء محسن حمد( alaakut3@gmail.com - ) - مؤلف رئيسي
K. Hafez
A.Moubarak
Micropile; 3D ?nite element analysis; Soil–Micropile interaction; Combined loads; Rocky soil; Sandy soil.
The main object of the paper is to study the behavior of Micropile in sandy soil of Ismailia. A full scale field test result on Micropiles in USA for rocky soil are numerically verified using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Then, the verified numerical model of the software ABAQUS is used to curry out the analysis of Micropiles constructed in sandy soil of Ismailia area. Numerical results obtained are very close to the field results. The chosen model is suitable for initial prediction of the behavior of micropile instead of field tests which take more time and cost. Results indicated that, application of the combined load on the micropile causes a decrease in the lateral displacement and bending moments compared with application of the lateral load at Ismailia site (sandy soil). The effect increasing the diameter by 50[%] on the behavior of the micropile is reducing the axial displacement by 22[%] and increasing the axial ultimate load by 30[%]. The lateral loading results indicate that the lateral displacement is reduced by 43.5[%] and the lateral ultimate load increases by 35.1[%], whereas the maximum bending moment increases by 192.4[%]. The combined loading results show that the lateral displacement is reduced by 40.4 [%] and the lateral ultimate load increases by 41[%], but there is more change in the maximum bending moment which increases by 292[%]. The study also presents guidelines and diagrams for the similar sites for different types of load.
Ferrocement gained an increasing research effort in the last decades due to its low weight and different uses in the developing countries. Ferrocement elements can be used as roofing, flooring elements, or either framed structures. This research presents an experimental and analytical study of the structural behavior of Ferrocement frames. The main objective of the research is to study the effect of combined actions as shear, flexure and normal on the structural behavior of Ferrocement joints. An experimental program including thirty test specimens in form of box shaped panels was conducted. The panels were classified into three groups to draw out the necessary conclusions from the studied parameters. The included parameters are reinforcement schemes and corner reinforcement ratios. The effects of the selected parameters are presented in form of cracking, failure loads and load deflection comparisons. from the study, it is observed clearly that there is significant influence of reinforcement on the overall panels. As the amount of reinforcement increases, the action load increases indicating a higher section capacity to resist more load and delay cracking and yielding of reinforcement. Moreover, the location of the reinforcement helps in enhancing the behavior
It is known that the construction industry is always playing an important role in social and economic development, which already pushed it to be considered as a primary source of carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently, carbon mitigation plans and energy conservation strategies of buildings had attracted the concentration of many developed countries. Many past studies have been conducted to assess carbon emissions associated with the operation, maintenance and disposal stage of buildings and to reduce it as CO2 emissions must be assessed firstly in order to find the suitable mitigation plan. There is no any conducted study proposed to assess the initial carbon emissions released from traditional buildings in Egypt. In order to address that issue, the current study proposes a detailed framework for the buildings’ initial emissions assessment; the study divides the life cycle of traditional buildings into three stages based on material flow: the materialization and on-site construction stage, operation and maintenance stage and disposal stage. The current study is only focusing the materialization and on-site construction stage as it represents the initial emissions of the building’s life cycle. Finally, the carbon emissions debt of the case study is quantified. Results show that the materialization and on-site stage of a traditional residential building in Egypt (with a concrete structure) is contributing a large amount of CO2 emissions which must be mitigated in the future by adding renewable energy alternatives (which can cut down an equivalent future emissions’ debt of the traditional energies going to be consumed by the building).
Coastal resource systems are valuable natural endowments that need to be managed for present and future generations. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) promotes sustainable coastal development by adapting the use of natural resources in a way that avoids serious damage to the natural environment. ICZM seeks, over the long-term, to balance environmental, economic, social, cultural and recreational objectives, all within the limits set by natural dynamics. It aims to address the problems or issues that exist and exacerbate in the coastal zone including marine resource exploitation, pollution of estuarine and coastal waters, climate change and sea level rise, and coastal erosion. Accelerated erosion and deposition is the major concern problem in the Egyptian northern coasts induced basically by the over-development of the coastal areas and the improperly designed projects. These rapid and uncontrolled coastal developments for establishment and growth of industry, resource extraction, tourism and urbanization, involve harbors, recreational centers, protective structures, estuaries, and lagoon inlets. At the northeastern coast of Egypt, precisely 12 km to the west of Port Said city, it is intended to construct a new natural gas treatment plant. Because of the available area is limited, it was decided to establish the flare stacks inside the sea. The flare stacks and the pipe racks will be connected to the plant through two causeways. Meanwhile, another marine structure, a temporary cofferdam, will be constructed for the purpose of installing gas pipelines under seabed extending from gas well located offshore to the onshore area where the new treatment plant exists. This research discusses shoreline evolution in the project area due to the construction of the causeways and the temporary cofferdam into the sea. Three methods had been followed to fulfill the aim of the current research: the numerical approach (using one-line LITPACK model) ; shoreline monitoring program; and shoreline verification using satellite images.
Marine structures are defined as a human made structures which are constructed for the purpose of port facilities and/or protecting the coastline, This research focus on studying and analyzing the stability of an important type of marine structure which is: concrete block quay wall, optimum design and stability of pre-cast concrete blocks quay walls consists of 15 row of blocks numbered respectively from bottom to top using the hollow blocks instead of solid ones by obtaining the resulting benefits of this replacement is investigated. Therefore, four stages of optimization under stability considerations have been adequated as. GEO5 software had been used for the purpose of determining the factors of safety against overturning and sliding for all structure and at each block interface and also determining the bearing pressures exerted by the quay wall to the existing ground for structural elements under all load combinations for all stages of optimization and using these pressures in hansen’s equations for studying the stability of the block quay wall against (bearing capacity). SLOPE/W software had been used also for studying the stability of block quay walls against slip failure. The results show that the critical stage of optimizations is opt.(2), reducing the backfill internal angle of friction (?) from 40? to 30?, reduces the factors of safety against Bearing capacity and slip failure and Increasing the subsoil cohesion parameter (c), improves the bearing capacity factor of safety.
Indoor environmental quality and Sick Building Syndrome in office buildings /
قطاع الدراسات الهندسية / الهندسة المعمارية
تخصص البحث : الهندسة المعمارية
Port Said Engineering Research Journal / / VOL.22 NO 1 - MARCH2018
تاريخ تقديم البحث 01/11/2018
تاريخ قبول البحث 01/11/2018
عدد صفحات البحث 16
مروة محمد حسن النحاس( arch.marwa.elnahas@gmail.com - ) - مؤلف رئيسي
Evaluation, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Formaldehyde, Benzene, Toluene.
In the last decades public health problems caused by indoor air pollution, such as Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), have been drawing strong public concerns. This study aims at investigating the indoor environment quality (IEQ) and people’s complaints in office buildings in Egypt. Indoor environment parameters including air temperature, relative humidity, air speed, TVOC, formaldehyde, Benzene, and Toluene were measured at two office buildings, which located in Giza, and Port Said. The study was done during March 2017-May 2017. Occupants’ perception on indoor environmental quality (IEQ), and SBS symptoms were surveyed by questionnaire. High TVOCs concentration, should be of health effect concern. It was indicated that indoor air quality (IAQ) may lead to SBS symptoms in office building in Egypt.
Numerical Investigation on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer characteristics for High Viscous Fluids inside Axially Rotating Tubes /
قطاع الدراسات الهندسية / هندسة القوى الميكانيكية
تخصص البحث : هندسة القوى الميكانيكية
Port Said Engineering Research Journal / / VOL.22 NO 1 - MARCH2018
تاريخ تقديم البحث 01/11/2018
تاريخ قبول البحث 01/11/2018
عدد صفحات البحث 13
ريام ناجى سالم بن بريك( riam_nagi@yahoo.com - ) - مؤلف رئيسي
Rotating tubes, fluid flow, heat transfer, high viscous fluids, CFD.
This study presents the numerical investigation of the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics for three different high viscous fluids (Engine oil, Oil (SN-500) and Ethylene glycol) flowing inside horizontal rotating tubes. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology using ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 is used to perform the numerical analysis by solving the Navier-Stokes and energy equations through the viscous model at all cases of rotation Reynolds numbers and Reynolds numbers. The investigation is conducted at rotation speed of 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 rpm and Reynolds number ranged between 5 and 10 for Engine oil, 54 and 109 for Oil (SN-500) and 425 and 849 for Ethylene glycol. The results revealed that, enhancement of heat transfer in the tubes with Ethylene glycol (lower viscous fluid) increases slightly with the further increase in rotation speed. This is because of the viscous effects which are observed significantly larger in the tubes with Ethylene glycol than those in the tubes with Engine oil and Oil (SN-500). These effects weakened growing of the tangential velocity component in the flow. In the tubes with Engine oil and Oil (SN-500), the maximum values of thermal performance factor are found at rotation speed of 1000 rpm, whereas, in the tubes with Ethylene glycol are occurred at rotation speed of 100 rpm. The value of the maximum thermal performance is about 2.1 for tube with Engine oil at a Reynolds number of 10, 1.6 for tube with Oil (SN-500) at a Reynolds number of 109 and 1.44 for tube with Ethylene glycol at a Reynolds number of 849.
Effect of Twisted Tapes Insert on Heat Transfer and Pressure DROP Augmentation for High Viscous Fluids inside Rotating Tubes /
قطاع الدراسات الهندسية / هندسة القوى الميكانيكية
تخصص البحث : هندسة القوى الميكانيكية
Port Said Engineering Research Journal / / VOL.22 NO 1 - MARCH2018
تاريخ تقديم البحث 01/11/2018
تاريخ قبول البحث 01/11/2018
عدد صفحات البحث 17
ريام ناجى سالم بن بريك( riam_nagi@yahoo.com - ) - مؤلف رئيسي
Rotating tubes, fluid flow, heat transfer enhancement, high viscous fluids, twisted tapes, CFD.
The present work shows the results obtained from the numerical simulation of the heat transfer enhancement for the high viscous flow inside horizontal axially rotating tubes, using twisted tapes with the different twist and width ratios. The simulation is performed with the twisted tapes of three twist ratios (TR = 5, 7.5 and 10) and four width ratios (WR = 0.9, 0.7, 0.5 and 0.3). Rotation Reynolds number and Reynolds number are ranged from 0.9 to 5927 and 5 to 849, respectively. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology using ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 is used to perform the numerical analysis by solving the Navier-Stokes and energy equations through the viscous model at all cases of rotation Reynolds numbers and Reynolds numbers. The results revealed that, thermal performance factor due to the insertion of the twisted tapes in rotating tubes is strongly depended on the rotation speed. The increase in rotation speed decreases the thermal performance factor for tubes with Engine oil and Oil (SN-500). Whereas, in the tubes with Ethylene glycol, the thermal performance factor increases as the rotation speed increases. The influence of the twist ratio variation on the friction factor and heat transfer is small, as compared with the tape width ratio. The best twisted tape geometry, to achieve best thermal performance is found at WR of 0.9 for tubes with Engine oil and Oil (SN-500), and 0.5 for tubes with Ethylene glycol.
Optimizing Intelligent Agent Performance in E-Learning Environment /
قطاع الدراسات الهندسية / الهندسة الكهربية
تخصص البحث : الهندسة الكهربية
Port Said Engineering Research Journal / / VOL.22 NO 1 - MARCH2018
تاريخ تقديم البحث 01/11/2018
تاريخ قبول البحث 01/11/2018
عدد صفحات البحث 13
مريم مختار محمد الطرابيلى( mariammokhtar75@hotmail.com - ) - مؤلف رئيسي
Agent, Dynamic Environment, E_lerning, PSO.
The main objective of e-learning systems is to improve the student- learning performance and satisfaction. This can be achieved by providing a personalized learning experience that identifies and satisfies the individual learner’s requirements and abilities. The performance of the e-learning systems can be significantly improved by exploiting dynamic self-learning capabilities that rapidly adapts to prior user interactions within the system and the continuous changes in the environment. In this paper, a dynamic multi-agent system using particle swarm optimization (DMAPSO) for e-learning systems is proposed. The system incorporates five agents that take into consideration the variations in the capabilities among the different users. First, the Project Clustering Agent (PCA) is used to cluster a set of learning resources/projects into similar groups. Second, the Student Clustering Agent (SCA) groups students according to their preferences and abilities. Third, the Student-Project Matching Agent (SPMA) is used to map each learner’s group to a suitable project or particular learning resources according to specific design criteria. Fourth, the Student-Student Matching Agent (SSMA) is designed to perform the efficient mapping between different students. Finally, the Dynamic Student Clustering Agent (DSCA) is employed to continually tracks and analyzes the student’s behavior within the system such as changes in knowledge and skill levels. Consequently, the DSCA adapts the e-learning environments to accommodate these variations. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in providing near-optimal solutions in considerably less computational time.
Factors Affecting the Cost of Construction Materials in Egypt /
قطاع الدراسات الهندسية / الهندسة المدنية
تخصص البحث : الهندسة المدنية
Port Said Engineering Research Journal / / VOL.22 NO 1 - MARCH2018
تاريخ تقديم البحث 01/11/2018
تاريخ قبول البحث 01/11/2018
عدد صفحات البحث 8
محمد عبد الوهاب محمد حسين( mohamedabdelwahab@yahoo.co - ) - مؤلف رئيسي
Construction, Materials, Cost, Pareto.
Construction materials constitute a major cost component in any construction project. The total cost of installed materials (or value of the materials) may be 50% or more of the total cost. Cost estimating is an assessment of the expected cost of any construction project. The accuracy of such an estimate has a serious effect on the expected profit of the construction contractor. Hence, a certain contingency premium should be added to the base estimate to increase the level of confidence. Such premium is materially affected by many factors. Through this research, the main factors that are expected to affect the accuracy of the construction materials’ cost estimate were clearly identified. The numbers of these factors 46 were collected from the literature review. The twelve factors are identified as the most important factors. These factors were: Unsettlement of the local currency in relation to dollar value, fluctuation of price of raw materials, project materials monopoly by some suppliers, fraudulent activities of subcontractors, standard procedure for updating cost information, poor contractor experience for project type, improper planning and errors during construction, engaging in adequate skill on labor, waste control during material usage, location of project, improper construction methods and improper supervision at site and control.
An Experimental Study of Performance of Water Stirring Solar Still /
قطاع الدراسات الهندسية / هندسة القوى الميكانيكية
تخصص البحث : هندسة القوى الميكانيكية
Port Said Engineering Research Journal / / VOL.22 NO 1 - MARCH2018
تاريخ تقديم البحث 01/11/2018
تاريخ قبول البحث 01/11/2018
عدد صفحات البحث 7
اسلام أحمد عبد العزيز( eslamahmed@su.edu.eg - ) - مؤلف رئيسي
Solar energy; Desalination; Solar still; Performance.
This paper presents an experimental study of performance of water stirring solar still. The Conventional Solar Still (CSS) has been modified, developed and tested to enhance the performance by using water stirring method. This modification was performed by fixing a mechanical wiper on the bottom of still basin. The experimental results on the modified solar still were analyzed and compared with that of conventional solar still (CSS) that has the same basin area, dimensions, water depth and operating conditions. Results showed that, the accumulated productivity from the water stirring solar still (WSSS) ranges from 3.27 to 3.82 L/m2 per day at water depth of 2 cm. The corresponding values for (CSS) range from 3.0 to 3.5 L/m2 per day. The increasing in productivity for WSSS is about 9.14 % more than that of the CSS.
Mode choice models generally form a critical part of the analysis of the travel demand of any study area in any country and have played an important role in transport modelling over the last decades. These models provide a detailed representation of the complex aspects of transport demand based on strong theoretical justifications. However, this paper describes the development of a mode choice model for the Egyptian main zones based only on the behaviour of travellers. The necessary data are collected using a special questionnaire prepared by the Egyptian Ministry of Transportation in 2010 and interviewing travellers at basic taxi terminals across Egypt. The mode choice model is derived using the multinomial logit (MNL), the nested logit (NLM), and the multinomial probit (MPM). The modelling execution results show that, for all the studied Egyptian zones, the NLM models give satisfactory and better results than the MNL and MPM models. The trip cost strongly affects the choice of paid conveyance, especially when it comes to work and educational trips. This may be apparent in the majority of developing countries, where the weak economic situation negatively impacts the use of expensive transportation means. However, the overall results of the present study are valuable and confidential, suggesting a reasonable transport policy intended for users in Egypt, the main purpose of which is the use of comfortable vehicles at moderate fares. It is advisable to investigate all aspects of the problem in order to reach an extensive modelling and analysis of mode choice. This will surely help to improve the prevailing transport system in Egypt.
جميع البيانات التي يتم تسجيلها على النظام هي ملك للجهة صاحبة هذه البيانات
لا يتم الاطلاع على هذه البيانات من قبل مهندسي المركز إلا للضرورة القصوى ولغرض الدعم الفني وبالاتفاق مع الجهة صاحبة البيانات شفوياً أو كتابياً
لا يتم إعطاء أي بيان من بيانات النظام لأي فرد او جهة فرعية تنتمي للجهة صاحبة البيانات او لأي جهة أخرى إلا بموافقة كتابية من الجهة صاحبة البيانات
يمكن استخدام البيانات المسجلة على النظام بهدف عمل إحصائيات يستفاد منها فى قياس اداء النظام وكفاءة استخدامه من قبل مستخدميه
يتم تأمين جميع البيانات الخاصة بالنظام من خلال تأمين الحاسب الخادم الذي يستضيف البيانات ومن خلال تأمين انتقال البيانات بين جهاز المستخدم والحاسب الخادم وكذلك تأمين واجهة النظام التي يستخدمها المستخدم
كل مستخدم للنظام مسئول مسئولية كاملة عن كلمة المرور الخاصة به وعليه اتخاذ كافة الاحتياطات الممكنة حتى لا يستطيع أى شخص آخر الحصول عليها
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