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تم العثور علي : 15
 تم العثور علي : 15
  
 
إعادة البحث

Articles 2021.
Vol 49 October Issue 4 2021 /

Articles 2021.
Vol 49 April Issue 2 2021 /

Articles 2017.
No. 87 (2017) /

Thesis 2021.

Thesis 2000.
The neurovascul ar relationships in the region of the tentorial incisura are among the complex in
the cranium . The incisura! area is related to the depths of the cerebrum and the cerebellum
- six
cranial nerves
- the upper brain stem - the cricle of Willis and the convergence of the deep
intracranial venous system to form the vein of Galen. It is exposed during many operations for
aneurysms
- deep tumours - arteriovenous malformations - trigeminal neuralgia and epilepsy.
The incisura! area is subdivided according to the relation to the brain stem into four spaces :
anterior
- paired middle and posterior incisura! spaces.
Prior to the development of microsurgical techniques
- the operative mortality rate for surgical
treatment of different incisura! lesions was extremely









high. Even with the










operating









microscope and advanced










microneurosurgical instrumentation . It still remains technically challanging for the neurosurgeon.
With the advent of improved imaging tools and techniques such as computerized tomography CT and
magnetic resonance imaging MRI . Lesions of the tentorial
incisura are diagnosed earlier and more precisely than in
the pre CT era.
An accurate preoperative localisation of the lesion IS necessary before an operative approach and
possible recostruction can be planned .The essential issues that guide the evaluation of incisura!
lesions include; the anatomical localisation and extent
- the lesion composition and biology - its
relation to major vessels the surgeon’s preference or expenence and/or the patient’s history of
prior therapy.
The surgical approaches to tentorial incisura}

lesions are classified according to different incisural
spaces into :
Approaches to the anterior incisura! space include; the unilateral and bilateral subfrontal
approach
- the anterior interhemispheric approach - the frontolateral approach - the fronto-orbital
approach
- the trans­ sphenoidal approach - the combined subfrontal trans­ sphenoidal trans-lamina
terminalis approach
- the fronto­ temporal approach - the sup aorbital pterional approach - the
cranio-orbito -zygomatic approach and the extradural tempropolar trans-cavernous approach Approaches to the middle incisura! space include; the classic subtemporal approach
- the zygomatic
approach
- the extended middle cranial fossa approach - the presigmoid approach - the combined
presigmoid with otico-condylar osteotomy
- and the suboccipital retrosigmoid suprameatal approach.
Approaches to the posterior incisura! space include: the supracerebellar infratentorial approach
-
the posterior interhemispheric approach
- the occipital transtentorial approach and the combined
supra-infratentorial trans­ sinus approach .
Nevertheless radical cranial base approaches are well established and their features are widely
recognized
- yet there is evoLution of minim ally invasive surgical approaches - which are the result
of technology that provides opportunities to view the operative field throu gh improved
illumination and magnification. Although they pose a great challenge to surgeon’s ability
-
minimally invasive surgical techniques can approach intracranial lesions with minimal retraction or
compression of normal neural structures.so it is suitable for high risk patients
- elderly patients
and children who must undergo major surgery

Thesis 2011.

Thesis 2014.
Infertility is a common condition; theratio of couples seeking medical treatment for infertilityis estimated at 4–17%. This problem due to male factor found in 20% of infertile couples and found in 26%in both couples.(1) Proposed causes of infertilityin men include varicocele - obstruction of the spermatic ducts - agglutination of sperms - high semen viscosity - necrospermia - low volume of ejaculate and ejaculatory dysfunction. (2)
Measurement of testosterone hormone
- LH (luteinizing hormone) - and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) will determinewhether patient has hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (lowtestosterone - low LH and FSH) - primary testicularfailure (low testosterone - elevated LHandFSH) - selective spermatogenicfailure (normal testosterone - normalLH - and elevated FSH) - or androgenresistance (high testosterone - elevated LH). A majority of infertilemen have normal testosterone - LH - and FSH levels. (3)
Geidam et al. conducted an observational
- retrospective study in Nigeria aimed to determine the prevalence of endocrinological abnormalities in patients investigated for male infertility which was 7.3%. They concluded that hormonal assessments should be performed in the evaluation of male infertility.(4)
Normal testosterone
- normal LH - and elevated FSH levels (≥20 MIU/ml) in an azoospermic or severely oligozoospermic manare suggestive ofprimary spermatogenic failure. (5) These menshouldundergo measurementof testicular volume - karyotyping and screeningfor Y-chromosome micro-deletions. (1)
Karyotypinganalysis of men with Y-chromosome translocationshas revealed a region on the long (q) arm of the Y chromosomethat is required for spermatogenesis. This region includesthe azoospermia factor (AZF) locus
- which contains a gene orgenes that are required for normal spermatogenesis. (6) - Infertility - Oligospermia - Urology

Book 2007.
ISBN: 9789086860302 :

Thesis 2013

Articles
V. 3, No. 3 (Sept 1986), P. 63-80 /
   


من 2
 







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