الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 123 |  |  |
| | | from | 123 | | |
Abstract
Barley plants grow in almost all terrestrial and some aquatic ecosystems around the world .Barley plant is the most important plant as . It is used limited scope in the manufacture of loaf of bread , it is used on extensively in candy , liquer .
Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. Organic fertilizer (compost, poultry manure and vermicompost) and PGPR biofertilizers are important parts of organic agriculture which is friendly of environment sustainable agricultural practice.
The aim of this study was pointing out the influence of application various PGPRs microbial inoculation mixture of N2 fixers (Azotobacter chroococcum) , phosphate dissolving bacteria ( Bacillus megatherium) and potassium releasing (Bacillus circulans ) and three types of organic fertilizers (compost , poultry manure , vermicompost ) in both pot and field experiments for enhancement growth as well as yield of barley plants.
The most important results could be summarized as follows
5.1. Pot experiment
5.1.1. Some morphological parameters
5.1.1.1. Plant height(cm), plant weight (g)/plant and number of branches /plant
• Poultry manure and vermicompost gave the highest significant value of plant height and plant weight in the first and second seasons, while, number branches/plant increased significantly organic fertilization sources .i.e poultry manure , compost , or vermicompost addition in first season. Number branches/plant was affected significantly from vermicompost, poultry manure in second season.
• Microbial mixed inoculation gave the highest significant value of plant height, plant weight and number branches/plant in the both tested seasons .
• Poultry manure with mixed inoculation or vermicompost under inocula mixed followed by poultry manure plus without mixed inocula gave the highest significant value of plant height and plant weight in the both seasons. The highest significant value of number branches/plant was observed by with organic fertilization sources ( vermicompost , poultry manure or compost ) with inoculation of mixed in the both seasons .
5.1.1.2. Spike length(cm) , Spike weight (g)/plant and Straw yield/pot:
• Poultry manure surpassed the other fertilizers which recorded best significant values of spike length , spike weight and straw yield/pot in the both seasons.
• Inoculation with mixture gave the highest significant value of sipke length, sipke weight (g)/plant and straw yield /pot in the first and second seasons respectively .
• With organic fertilization sources addition with microbial inoculationl gave the highest significant value of sipke length in the first and second tested seasons, the sipke weight (g)/plant was increased significantly by adding poultry manure or vermicompost with mixed inoculation in the first and second tested seasons. straw yield /pot was improved significantly by with organic fertilizer ( poultry manure or vermicompost , followed by compost) with microbial inoculation in the both seasons. On the other hand, straw yield /pot was improved significantly by poultry manure without mixed inocula, in second tested seasons.
5.1.2. Some chemical parameters
5.1.2.1. N , P and K uptake of plant (mg/plant):
• The highest significant value of N , P and K uptake of plant was recorded by using the vermicompost followed by poultry manure in both seasons.
• The treatment of microbial inoculation mixed gave the highest significant values of N, P and K uptake of plant in both seasons.
• Vermicompost, poultry manure under mixed inoculation gave the highest significant increases of N and P uptake of plant in both seasons .K uptake of plant significantly increased by adding poultry manure followed vermicompost plus mixed inoculation , in the first and second seasons, respectively.
5.1.2.2. N , P and K uptake of straw (mg/plant):
• N and K uptake of straw were affected significantly by adding the treatment of organic fertilizer sources.i.e (poultry manure , vermicompost and compost ) in both seasons.While, P uptake of straw significantly increased by vermicompost or compost in both seasons.
• N , P and K uptake of straw significantly increased by adding with microbial mixed inoculation in both seasons.
• The highest significant values of N uptake of straw was recorded by using the all parameters to organic fertilization sources (vermicompost , poultry manure and compost ,respectively.) with mixed inoculation (N2 fixers, phosphate dissolving bacteria and potassium releasing) in both seasons. As well as , P uptake of straw was increased significantly by adding vermicompost under and/or mixed inocula in both seasons.Also, the K uptake of straw increased significantly by adding poultry manure /compost under mixed inocula in both seasons.
5.1.3. Available N, P and K of soil after harvesting (ppm):
• The treatment of poultry manure or vermicompost gave the highest significant values of available N of soil after barley harvesting in both seasons, available P of soil increased significantly by adding compost or vermicompost in the first one.In the face of, the treatment of vermicompost or poultry manure gave the highest significant values of available P of soil after barley harvesting in the second one.On the other hand,the available K of soil after harvesting was significantly increased by using without organic fertilizer sources( control ) in the first season. the For second season, illustrate that the highest significant value K of soil after harvesting barley plant was observed by vermicompost or compost , ,respectively.
• Treatment of mixed inoculation gave the highest significant values of available N , P and K of soil after harvesting of barley plant in the both seasons.
• The treatment of poultry manure with mixed inocula followed by vermicompost under without/with mixed inocula gave the best significant value of available N of soil after harvesting barley plant in the both seasons.The adding compost with mixed inocula or vermicompost plus without mixed inocula gave the highest significant value of P of soil after harvesting barley in the first season.While, P of soil after harvesting increased significantly by adding vermicompost or poultry manure under mixed inocula in second season . illustrate that the highest significant value of K of soil after harvesting was recorded by using the some parameters organic fertilizer sources., compost or vermicompost, respectively, under mixed inocula in first season. In the second season, the highest significant value was recorded when poultry manure / vermicompost plus mixed inocula addition by K of soil after harvesting.
5.2. The other experience a field experiment
5.2.1. Some morphological parameters
5.2.1.1.Plant height (cm), plant weight yield kg/faddan and number of branches /plant
• In general, organic fertilizer of vermicompost gave the highest significant values of plant height , plant weight and number branches/ plant in the first and second seasons respectively .
• Microbial inoculation mixture addition gave the highest significant values of plant height , plant weight and number branches/ plant in the first and second seasons respectively .
• The interaction between organic fertilization sources (vermicompost , poultry manure )and mixed inocula, demonstrate that the highest significant value of plant height , plant weight and number branches/ plant were recorded by vermicompost under mixed inocula in the first and second season.
5.2.1.2. Spike length (cm) , Spike weight yield kg/faddan and Straw yield kg /faddan:
• The highest significant values of spike length and spike weight yield kg/faddan were observed by poultry manure in the first season. Spike length and spike weight yield kg/faddan were increased significantly when individual vermicompost in the second season. Straw yield kg/faddan was improved significantly by poultry manure in the first and second seasons, respectively.
• With microbial inoculation addition gave the highest significant values of spike length , spike weight yield kg/faddan and straw yield kg/ faddan in the both seasons.
• The interaction between organic fertilizer sources and microbial inoculation, demonstrate that the highest significant value of spike length was recorded by poultry manure under mixed inocula in the both seasons. Spike weight yield kg/faddan was improved significantly by poultry manure under with mixed inocula in the first season, in the second season, were affected significantly by adding the treatment of vermicompost with mixed inocula. While, vermicompost under mixed inocula addition gave the highest significant value of straw yield/faddan in the both seasons.
5.2.2. Some chemical parameters
5.2.2.1. N , P and K uptake of plant (mg/plant):
• In most cases, the highest significant values of such parameters were observed by poultry manure in both seasons.
• In most cases, the highest significant value of N and k as well as K uptake of plant were observed by inoculation of mixed (N2 fixers, phosphate dissolving bacteria and potassium releasing) in the first and second seasons.
• The interaction between organic fertilization sources and microbial inoculation, data reveal that the N uptake of plant by poultry manure under without mixed inocula give the highest significant value in the first season. On the contrary, N uptake of plant geve the highest significant of with poultry manure under mixed inocula in the second season. Furthermore, the P and K uptake of plant were increased significantly by adding vermicompost with mixed inocula in first and second seasons.
5.2.2.2. N , P and K uptake of straw (mg/plant):
• The highest significant values of the N and k uptake of straw were obtained by adding vermicompost in the both seasons. For the both seasons , poultry manure led to significant increase of P uptake of straw.
• The highest significant values of N , P and K uptake of barley straw were observed by mixed inoculation in the both seasons .
• In most cases, the highest significant values of such parameters were observed by vermicompost or poultry manure with mixed inocula, respectively in both seasons.
5.2.3. Available N, P and K of soil after harvesting (ppm):
• The treatment of vermicompost gave the highest significant values of available N, P and K of soil after barley harvesting in both seasons.
• The available N of soil after harvesting was significantly increased by using inoculation mixture in both tested seasons. While, the treatment of without mixed inocula gave the highest significant value of available P and K of soil after harvesting barley plant in the both tested seasons.
• In most cases, the highest significant values of such parameters were observed by vermicompost under mixed inocula in both seasons.
5.3. Some microbiological parameters
5.3.1. Count of microorganisms, in the rhizosphere of soil (104 CFU g-1 Dry Soil)
• In most cases, the highest significant values of such parameters were observed by vermicompost in both seasons.
• In most cases, the highest results of total count of bacterias,counts of potassium-relesing bacteria ,N 2 fixers bacteria and counts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (104 CFU g−1 Dry Soil ) were observed by inoculation of mixed (N2 fixers, phosphate dissolving bacteria and potassium releasing) in the first and second seasons.
• The interaction between organic fertilization sources and microbial inoculation, data reveal that the total count of bacterias,counts of potassium-relesing bacteria ,N 2 fixers bacteria and counts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (104 CFU g−1 Dry Soil) by vermicompost under with mixed inocula gave the highest significant value in the first and sesond season.