الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was aimed at investigating the possibility of increasing the efficiency of Bone chine ceramics, enhancing its properties, and the possibility of its entry into new industrial fields.
To achieve the objectives of the work, the following approaches were investigated:
1- Preparation of silica nanoparticles.
2- Adding silica nanoparticles to the body of the bone china ceramic samples in different proportions.
3- Studying the mechanical and physical properties of bone china ceramic after adding silica nanoparticles.
Microporous SiO2-NPs were prepared in an economical method in small sizes in the range of 7–96 nm utilizing SMS as a precursor in the presence of CTAB as a surfactant. The optimum concentrations of SMS and CTAB required for SiO2-NPs preparation at the nanoscale were investigated. The prepared SiO2-NPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy to confirm the formation of microporous SiO2-NPs. The prepared SiO2-NPs were added to the raw materials of bone china at various concentrations to study their effect on bone china ceramic properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the presence of nanoparticles in the bone china ceramic samples after sintering. The bending test was used to measure the flexural strength of samples. Self-cleaning, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), bulk density (BD), apparent porosity (AP), and water absorption (WA), were investigated on the optimum sample. The results show that the bone china prepared using 1% SiO2-NPs had the highest flexural strength and Young’s modulus values and outstanding characteristics such as self-cleaning ability, a remarkable increase in AP and WA, and a decrease in BD. The obtained properties revealed that SiO2-NPs addition may enable bone china ceramics to be used in new fields, such as filters, and bio-engineering.