الفهرس 
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Abstract
The goal of the current study was to assess medication administration principles and errors as performed and perceived by nurses caring for elderly patients based on their clinical experiences. In all departments of Beni-Suef university; Egypt; A descriptive cross-sectional survey with a self-report questionnaire.
A convenience sample of 120 adult male and female bedside nurses working in different departments and caring for elderly patients, the nurses’ selection was regardless of their gender, age, years of experience, or education category.
The main findings of the present study were as follows:
• Regarding nurses demographic and medical characteristics; (72.7%) of them aged (<25) years old. On the other side, two subjects only aged above (45) years old. Also, (52.9%) of the nurses were females. (81.8%) of the studied nurses were graduated from technical institutes. Finally, (72.7%) of the nurses have less than five years of experience.
• Study showed (25%) of the studied nurses were working in the Orthopedic department, while (5.83%) was working in the Cardiothoracic department.
• Regarding applying the medication administration principles for caring for elderly patients (72.3%) of the studied nurse’s done. on the other hand, (27.7%) said they are not applying medication administration principles in general. In particular, (94.2%) of nurses apply safe and effective medication management and use the eight rights of medication administration principles. At the same time, (55%) of them didn’t maintain patient privacy during medication administration.
• The second research question can be supported as that (73.5%) of the studied subjects observed doing the medication administration principles for caring for elderly patients. on the other side, (26.5%) observed not applying medication administration principles in general. In particular, the most observed and frequent applied principles were; put the patient in proper position during medication administration to prevent aspiration, check the correct route, and checked the causes of refusing taking medication with frequency’(92.5%), (91.7%), (90%)’ respectively. While, the less frequent applied principles were; performed hand hygiene, ensured correct and accurate physician’s orders, review patient medications, documented on medication chart, check right patient, and prepared medication to be administered with frequency ’ (51.7%), (52.5%), (52.5%), (53.3%), (54.55%), (54.55%) respectively.
• The third research question can be supported as the patients receiving (82.7%) of the studied subjects agree on all listed medication administration errors in the knowledge. On the other side, (37.3%) perceived that they did not agree to the listed medication administration errors in the knowledge. Concerning the nurse’s knowledge for each item, frequency of medication was the most frequent medication administration error as nurses perceived with frequency (83.3%). In contrast, the less frequent perceived type of error was wrong documentation, with a frequency of (46.6%). Moreover, physician order was perceived as the most frequent medication administration error (77.5%).
• On the opposite side, the less perceived stage was missing medication with a frequency of (64.1%). Finally, the most frequent cause of medication administration error as nurses perceived was insufficient training with frequency (86.6%). At the same time, the less frequent perceived cause of the error was unfamiliarity with the patient’s condition with a frequency of (33.3%).
The following recommendations were derived from the current study’s findings:
• Developing educational programs and upgrading Nurses’ principles, standards of medication management process like hand washing, documentation correctly in medication chart and medication preparation.
• Designing an efficient medication sheet includes all points that should be check before, during, and after administration.
Finally, to increase the generalizability of this problem, the study should be replicated on a bigger sample drawn from various geographical areas in Egypt.