الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
To meet the recent rise in electrical demand of both connected and remote populations, Renewable Energy Systems (RES) put forth cleaner solutions with new technologies for these requirements.
Microgrids (MGs) have recently attracted a noticeable attention to be positive developed replacement of conventional energy resources. Besides island operation mode, MGs are cable of integrating into the current grid with grid-connected renewable energy sources. The electric energy from MGs is generated via one or more different types of distributed WES sources, such
as solar arrays and wind power turbines. Three basic types of MGs are considered in this study, alternating current (AC-MG), direct current (DC-MG) and hybrid DC-AC microgrid (H-MG). In view of management and control, the brain of the MGs is the MG controller which achieves many purposes such as optimal coordination of sources, electric reliability maximization of the sources
and reducing emission by integrating the renewables sources. This study proposes an intelligent design of control systems to improve the performance of various microgrids in the event that each
of them operates in an isolated mode and when connected to the main grid. The PI controller is quite suitable to do this objective. In controller design process, parameters are tuned by using modern swarm optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search (CS), Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA). The considered isolated MGs are implemented as follows: in AC-MG, Wind Energy System (WES) charging a battery system which is an essential component of the proposed model which is
designed to feed the DC load. where in DC-MG, variable AC load and single-phase induction motor are being energized. The basic elements of these models are the solar panels, Energy storage system (ESS), DC-AC inverter and LC filter. This ESS is a hydrogen storage system compacted with a hydrogen tank. In the case of hybrid AC-DC microgrid, both AC-MGs in addition to DCMGs with the same loading conditions are included. The study outcomes confirm that, the well designed control systems by means of AOA is resulting in the most effective tuned parameters to manage various MGs under wide range of operating condition.