الفهرس 
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Abstract
CHD is the primary cause of prenatal and infant death from a
congenital birth defect, representing a major, global health burden and
places a significant burden on children living with CHD, their family
members and carriers. The prevalence of CHDs varies globally, account
for approximately4 10 in 1000 live birth.
VEGF is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, which induces
widespread formation of collateral blood vessels as a compensatory
mechanism to achieve the adequate oxygen supply to tissues in cyanotic
CHD cases.
Persistently higher VEGF level may be related to the development
of systemic to pulmonary collateral arteries in patients with cyanotic
CHD.
The aim of this work was to detect vascular endothelial growth
factor as angio-genic marker in serum of children with congenital heart
disease, as an indicator of angiogenesis and formation of collateral blood
vessels increasing morbidity and mortality in these children.
Study was applied on 28 patients with cyanotic CHD, 28 patients
with a cyanotic CHD in Pediatric Cardiology Department in Menoufia
University hospital and 28 apparently healthy children of the same age,
gender and socioeconomic status between August 2020 and August 2021.
All patients & controls were subjected to the following:
1. Full history taking include name, age, gender and consanguinity.
2. Thorough clinical examination include:
a) Anthropometric measurements including: weight in kg, height in
cm and body mass index (BMI) calculated as weight (kg) /[height
(m)]2
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b) General examination and vital signs as (heart rate and respiratory
rate)
c) Local examinations especially cardiac examination which include
inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.
3. Radiological investigation as chest x- ray and echocardiography
(cases)
4. Laboratory investigations:
Complete blood count (cases)
Arterial blood gases(cases)
Kideny function tests(cases)
Prothrombin time and concentration(cases)
Quantitative estimation of serum level of VEGF by ELISA
technique (cases and control)
Results
VEGF level was significantly elevated in children with congenital
cyanotic heart disease compared to children with a cyanotic heart
disease and control children.
No statistically significant difference as regard age, sex and
Consanguinity between a cyanotic, cyanotic patients and healthy
controls.
Significant difference in weight, height and BMI between cyanotic, a
cyanotic and control groups.
No statistically significant difference between cyanotic and a cyanotic
groups as regard tachycardia and tachypnea.
Cyanosis was present in all cyanotic patients and absent in a cyanotic.
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No statistically significant difference between cyanotic and a cyanotic
groups as regard cardiomegaly.
HB and HCT were highly significant higher in cyanotic compared to a
cyanotic patients, and positively correlated with VEGF.
A cyanotic group had higher WBCs count than cyanotic group.
Serum creatinine is significantly higher in cyanotic than a cyanotic
group.
PCO2 is higher in cyanotic than a cyanotic group, and positively
correlated with VEGF.
PO2 (oxygen saturation) is significantly lower in cyanotic than a
cyanotic group, and negatively correlated with VEGF.
Statistically significant association between VEGF and cyanosis,
clubbing and murmur.
In conclusion: VEGF is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis.
Children with cyanotic CHD have elevated levels of VEGF (compared
to children with a cyanotic heart disease)
We recommend: early detection and diagnosis of CHD in children
by using echocardiography which is the gold standard diagnostic tool
of CHD, also long follow up of serum VEGF level in children with
congenital heart disease to assess angiogenesis and collateral
formation.