الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study deals with, the effectiveness of some modified natural organic compounds (starch and corncobs) as non-toxic biodegradable materials for water treatment.
The thesis contains three chapters arranged as follows:
Chapter I:
Introduction
The introduction included some scientific heritage belonging to synthesis of some natural materials as aminated starch and corncobs and using both of them in the field of treatment. Also clarification of water in general and the use of natural materials in particular, clarification of water in addition to the comprehensive display of the materials currently used in the water treatment and included the following topics:
1. Chemical composition of starch and methods of extraction.
2. The chemical composition of corncobs and methods of extraction.
3. Water pollution.
4. Leaching water using coagulation materials.
5. Floc formation process (assembly suspended matter in the water)
6. Precipitation process.
Chapter II:
Experimental part
This part included the method of preparation of modified starch and corncobs known as natural cationic materials used in water treatment. This part also included the measurements and tests conducted on water used during the work. Also the
raw chemicals used and their sources, and the prepared chemicals (modified starch and corncobs) with details for the modification method. Also in this part it has been mentioned the analytical instruments used in the analysis required during this study, and their model.
Chapter III:
Results and Discussion
It included two parts as follows:
Part (A): Discussing the synthesis and characterization of the aminated corncobs and starch to be used as coagulants in the water treatment.
This part discussed the preparation and characterization of modified starch and corncobs by the reaction with 3-chloro-2- hydroxy propyl triethylammonium chloride (CTAC) with starch and corncobs under alkaline condition where the amine groups was introduced during the preparation to give clotting property and ion exchange to starch and corncobs. Starch and corn cobs were analysed by thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), FTIR and elemental analysis for their components (C, H, N and S).
Part (B): Discussing the application of the produced aminated rice starch and corncobs in the treatment of water.
Evaluation of the produced starch and corncobs in the field of water treatment to get rid of some pollutants and heavy metals from the water.
It was found that the use of the modified starch and corncobs in the water purification led to elimination of most of the
suspended materials and reduced the proportion of colloidal silica and organic substances in addition to the removal of some heavy metals.
Also, in this part of the study evaluation of factors affecting the efficiency of these materials in removing some heavy metal elements and the turbidity and organic matter by studying the impact of each of pH, mixing time, the concentration of coagulant. The results showed the ability of the prepared materials of modified starch and corncobs in the removal of some heavy metals from water in addition to removing turbidity and organic matter and suspended solids. As well as a comparison between the efficiency of starch and corncobs on a natural waters compared to ferric chloride that give good results and showed that the use of cationic starch was better than using corncobs. In all the results appeared, the use of cationic starch and corncobs better than using of ferric chloride compared to alum that give very good results.
Part (C): Discussing a comparative study between the prepared materials used in the current study and some of the other commercial materials that were used in the industrial water treatment.
In this part a comparison between the prepared materials and some commercial materials and measure the effectiveness of each for some parameters or conditions in pretreatment. wastewater treatment monitored via analysis of discharge plant streams conditions and understanding operational variables by comparing the natural materials applied in this thesis with some other commercial materials that widely used in such treatment processes.