الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 198 |  |  |
| | | from | 198 | | |
Abstract
This study aimed to: 1) Investigate the effect of castor leaves extract, unripe and ripe black nightshade fruits extract against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. 2) Investigate whether Acot1 and CYP4A1 enzymes have a role in the protection of the liver from CCl4 toxicity. CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed by measuring the levels of liver markers (ALT, ALP and albumin) and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD and CAT). Measurements revealed a significant increase in the ALT, ALP and MDA levels and a significant decrease in albumin, SOD and CAT levels. Castor leaves extract showed a good hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity Compared to the other groups, pretreatment of rats with Castor leaves extract conferred rats a good liver protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity as indicated by the significant decrease in the levels of the liver enzymes ALT and ALP, the significant increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD, the slight increase in albumin level, and the significant decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation as indicated by decreased MDA level. Black nightshade fruits ethanolic extract showed a good hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity Compared to the other groups, pretreatment of rats with unripe and ripe black nightshade fruits extract conferred rats a considerable liver protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Both unripe and ripe black nightshade fruits extracts had significantly decreased ALT, ALP and MDA levels and significantly increased CAT level. Both the unripe and ripe black nightshade fruits extract increased albumin level. The unripe black nightshade fruits extract significantly increased SOD level and the ripe black nightshade extract, however, produced a non-significant increase in the level of this enzyme. Mixtures of Castor leaves and unripe or ripe black nightshade fruits extracts showed considerable hepatic protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity Compared to the other groups, pretreatment of rats with a mixture of Castor leaves and unripe or ripe black nightshade fruits extracts conferred the rats a considerable hepatic protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity as indicated by the significant decrease in ALT, ALP and MDA levels and the significant increase in CAT level. The mixture containing unripe black nightshade fruits extract significantly increased albumin and SOD levels, but mixture containing ripe black nightshade fruits extracts non-significantly increased the levels of these markers. Silymarin is an efficient heptoprotective agent against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity Compared to the other groups, pretreatment of rats with silymarin conferred the rats an excellent hepatic protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity as indicated by the significant decrease in ALT, ALP and MDA levels and the significant increase in albumin, CAT and SOD levels. Acot1 and CYP4A1 genes are involved in the hepatic protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity The increase in Acot1 mRNA expression was ameliorated by 50%, 60% and 34% in the rats protected with Castor leaves extract, unripe black nightshade fruits and ripe black nightshade fruits extracts, respectively. While the decrease in Cyp4a1 mRNA expression was ameliorated by 68%, 30% and 74% in the rats protected with Castor leave, unripe black nightshade fruits and ripe black nightshade fruits extracts, respectively.