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العنوان
Performance of some pearl millet (Pennisetumglaucum) genotypes under water stress/
المؤلف
Kandeel, Mahmoud Nashaat Mahmoud.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / محمود نشات محمود
مشرف / باهي راغب بخيت
مناقش / عاطف ابو الوفا
مشرف / حاتم ابراهيم
الموضوع
Agronomy.
تاريخ النشر
2022.
عدد الصفحات
107p.;
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
الهندسة الزراعية وعلوم المحاصيل
الناشر
تاريخ الإجازة
7/3/2022
مكان الإجازة
جامعة أسيوط - كلية الزراعة - Agric
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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Abstract

This study was carried out during the two growing summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 at Experimental Farm, Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University. This work aims to evaluate twenty pear millet genotypes of diverse origin under normal irrigated (1 m3/12 m2) and water stress (½ m3/12 m2) for each irrigation (8 m3 and 4 m3/12 m2, respectively) for forage and seed yields and related traits. Strip plot (split block) design with three replications was used.
For forage yield experiment, three cuts were taken for each season. At the time of each cut, the plant height, number of tillers/plant, leaves/stems ratio, fresh, dry and protein forage yield/plant as well as chlorophyll content were recorded. In addition, for seed yield experiment, the plants were left flowering and seed production without cutting. At seed maturity stage, the number of panicle/plant, panicle length, panicle thickness, panicle weight/plant, grain yield/plant and 1000-grain weight were recorded.
The results were statistically analyzed and the treatment compared by R.L.S.D. test. In addition, correlationcoefficient between pairs of traits were carried out. Also, direct and indirect effects of characters influencing each of dry forage yield plant and seed yield/plant were detected using path-coefficient analysis (Dewey and Lu, 1959).
A- Forage yield and its attributes
Analysis of variance in the two seasons revealed significant differences between each of irrigation treatments (normal and water stress), genotypes and irrigation x genotypes interaction for all forage traits as well as chlorophyll content, except total protein yield/plant and chlorophyll content in first season.
A.1- Plant height
The water stress caused decrease in plant height for each season. The reduction in plant height due to water stress in the first and second seasons were 37.71, and 18.54% compared to normal irrigation, respectively. The tallest genotypes were Nos. 6 and 10 for normal and water stress over the two seasons. The best tolerant genotypes to drought were No. 5 (0.586) and No. 10 (0.669) over the two seasons.
A.2- Number of tillers/plant
Water stress cause decrease in number of tillers/plant compared to normal irrigation in both seasons. The reduction due to water stress in the first and second seasons were 51.72 and 42.67% compared to normal irrigation, respectively.
The highest number of tillers/plant was recorded for genotypes Nos. 10 and 11 under normal and water stress irrigations over the two seasons. Number of tillers/plant of the different genotypes differed in rank from normal and water stress irrigation and from season to season. Drought susceptibility index indicated that nine genotypes were less than unity in each of first and second seasons, and considered tolerant to drought.
A.3- Leaves/stem ratio
Leaves/stems ratio of all genotypes was decreased by water stress. The decrease accounted 24.40 and 18.99% compared to normal irrigation in the first and second seasons, respectively. Drought susceptibility index were less than unity for ten, seven and ten genotypes and those tolerant to drought in the first, second seasons and over the two seasons, respectively.
A.4- Total fresh forage yield/plant
The reduction in total fresh forage yield/plant due to water stress in the first, second seasons and over the two seasons were 35.68, 32.34 and 34.00% compared to normal irrigation, respectively. Under normal irrigation nine and eight genotypes gave significant grain yield/plant than the average overall genotypes in first and second seasons, respectively. Drought susceptibility index indicating that eight in the first season, and eleven genotypes in second season and ten genotypes over the two seasons which gaves DSI less than unity.
A.5- Total dry forage yield/plant
The reduction in total dry forage yield/plant due to water stress in the first, second and over two seasons were 16.66, 23.95 and 20.30% compared to normal irrigation, respectively. Eight and five genotypes gave significantly total dry forage yield than the average overall genotypes under normal and water stress irrigation in first and second seasons, respectively. Drought susceptibility index indicated that nine, twelve and ten genotypes were tolerant to drought in the first, second and over the two seasons, respectively.
A.6- Total protein forage yield/plant
Total protein forage yield/plant of all genotypes was decreased by water stress. The decrease accounted 10.42, 14.25 and 12.57% compared to normal irrigation in the first, second and over two seasons, respectively. the genotype No. 18 gave the height, total protein forage yield under normal and drought irrigation in first and over two seasons under normal irrigation. Ten, and seven genotypes gave significant total protein, forage yield/plant than the average over all genotypes in the first and second seasons, respectively. Drought susceptibility index indicating that nine and eleven genotypes in the first and second seasons, respectively which gave DSI less than unity and those tolerant to drought.
A.7- Chlorophylls content
The reduction in chlorophyll content due to water stress in the first, second and over the two seasons were 15.01, 14.19 and 14.71% compared to normal irrigation, respectively. The highest genotype for chlorophyll content was genotype No. 15. Drought susceptibility index indicating that nine, eleven and ten genotypes in first, second and over the two seasons, respectively, which gaves DSI less than unity and those tolerant to drought.
B- Seed yield/plant and its components
Analysis of variance in the two seasons revealed highly significant differences between each of irrigation treatments (normal and water stress), genotypes, and irrigation treatments x genotypes interaction for all studied traits.
B.1- Number of panicles/plant
The reduction in number of panicles/plant to water stress in the first and second seasons were 34.99 and 27.43% compared to normal irrigation, respectively. Number of panicles/plant of the different genotypes differed in rank from normal and water stress irrigation and from season to season. The highest numbers of panicle plant was genotype No. 11 in both seasons. Drought susceptibility index indicated that thirteen and ten genotypes were less than unity in first and second seasons, respectively considered tolerant to drought.
B.2- Panicle length
Water stress cause decrease in panicle length compared to normal irrigation in each seasons. The reduction due to water stress in the first and second seasons were 30.17 and 33.36% compared to normal irrigation, respectively. The longest panicle was recorded for genotype No. 18 under normal and water stress irrigations. Drought susceptibility index recorded ten genotypes were less susceptible or tolerance to drought in the first and second seasons.
B.3- Panicle thickness
The reduction in panicle thickness due to water stress were 34.93 and 37.61% in the first and second seasons, respectively compared to normal irrigation. Generally water stress reduction panicle thickness for all genotypes. The thickness panicle was recorded for genotype No. 12. Thirteen and eleven genotypes could be considered tolerant to drought in first and second seasons respectively and considered tolerant to drought.
B.4- Panicle weight/plant
The reduction in panicle weight/plant due to water stress were 22.55, and 26.25% compared to normal irrigation in the first and second seasons, respectively. Eight genotypes was significantly surpassed the average overall genotypes of panicle weight/plant under normal irrigation in first and second seasons. While, under water stress irrigation, it was five and four genotypes surpassed the average overall genotypes. Drought susceptibility index indicated that ten, fourteen and thirteen genotypes were tolerant to water stress in first, second and over two seasons, respectively.
B.5- Grain yield/plant
The reduction in grain yield/plant due to water stress were 34.12, 25.56 and 24.98% in the first, second and over two seasons, respectively compared to normal irrigation. Eight, six and six and seven genotypes were significant surpassed the average overall genotypes under normal and water stress irrigation, respectively. Drought susceptibility index indicated that fifteen, ten and ten genotypes were tolerant to drought in first, second and over the two seasons, respectively (DSI less than unity).
B.6- The 1000-grain weight
The reduction in 1000-grain weight due to water stress in the first, second seasons and over two seasons were 35.84, 37.83 and 37.12%, respectively, compared to normal irrigation. Eleven and ten genotypes were heaviest the mean average of 1000-grain weight under normal and water stress irrigation in first and second seasons, respectively. Drought susceptibility index were less than unity for ten in first and nine in second and eight genotypes over the two seasons were the DSI less than unity.
C- Correlation
C.1- Forage yields and its attributes
Under normal irrigation, the correlation coefficients between dry forage yield with each of plant height, number of tillers/plant and fresh forage yield were positive values in both seasons. Also, under water stress condition, the correlation coefficients between dry forage yield with each of number of tillers/plant and fresh forage yield were positive values in both seasons.
C.2- Seed yield/plant and its attributes
The correlation coefficients between grain yield/plant with each of panicle weight plant and number of panicle/plant were positive correlated under normal and water stress irrigation conditions in both seasons. While, grain yield/ plant with 1000-grain weight were negatively correlated under normal and water stress irrigation conditions in both seasons, except water stress in 2020 season was positive correlated.
C.3- Forage and seed yields and its attributes
Under normal irrigation both panicle weight and grain yield/plant were positively correlated with each of plant height, number of tillers/plant, total fresh, dry and protein forage yields in both seasons.
Under water stress condition panicle length was positively correlated with each of plant height, number of tillers/plant and leaves/stems ratio in both seasons. Also, grain yield/plant was positively negligible with each of total fresh, dry, and protein forage yield in both seasons.
D- Path-coefficient analysis:
D.1- Path-coefficient analysis for total dry forage yield and its components under normal and water stress irrigation in 2019 and 2020 seasons:
The total fresh forage yield had the major effect as direct contribution toward total dry forage yield under normal and water stress irrigation in 2019 and 2020 seasons. While, plant height had negative direct effect on total dry forage yield under normal and water stress irrigation in both seasons.
D.2- Path-coefficient analysis for seed yield/plant and its components under normal and water stress irrigation in 2019 and 2020 seasons:
The number and weight of panicle/plant had positive direct effect on seed yield/plant under normal and water stress irrigation in both seasons. While, 1000-grain weight had negative direct effect on seed yield/plant under irrigation treatment in both seasons except under water stress in 2020 season.