الفهرس 
Chapter1 INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Surface and groundwater pollution with heavy metals is a significant global concern. Overabundance of such elements poses significant health risks to humans, animals and plants. Measures should be taken to eliminate the quantity of these components in water to acceptable levels.
Nanohydroxyapatite was synthesized by two methods, the first method is the natural method from tilapia fish bone. The second method is the chemical method via wet method. It was used as models adsorbent for the removal of Mn and Fe which often occurs as geogenic contaminants in untreated surface water , ground water and drinking water.The structure effect of natural and chemical nanohydroxyapatite on the surface area were evaluated by the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET). the surface area of nHAPE and nHAPn were (78.019m²/g) and (26.028m²/g) respectively. The morphological analysis was studied by the Scanning electron microscope (SEM). the average size of nHAPE and nHAPn were observed at (169.9 – 251.5) nm and (471.5 – 514.6) nm respectively.
The maximum removal efficiency and the maximum adsorption capacity for both nHAPE and nHAPn were at Ph(7), adsorbent dose (0.3)g, initial concentration (25) ppm and contact time (60) minute. The Freundlich isotherm model is better than Langmuir isotherm model to describe adsorption of iron (Fe) while the Langmuir isotherm model is better than Freundlich isotherm model in case of manganese (Mn). The price of the nHAPE for (1) kilo costs about (250) Egyptian pound while the manufacturing procees price of the nHAPn for (1) kilo costs(10) Egyptian pound because it was manufactured from fish bones waste and it is friendly for environment and didn’t cause any pollution