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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Ramez Saber Thabet Eisa: Studies on Orchid Propagation through Tissue Culture. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 2017.
This work was carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Zohriya Research Garden, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt over three years from 2013 to 2016, on two cultivars of orchids belonging to two different genera, i.e. Dendrobium nobile cv. “Irene Smile” and Phalaenopsis sogo cv. “Yenlin Coffee”.
For sterilization treatments, twenty min in clorox solution at 20, 25 and 30% (sodium hypochlorite ”NaOCl” at 1, 1.25 or 1.5%) and with same period in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution at 10, 15 or 20%. Five min in mercuric chloride (MC) solution (HgCl2) at 0.10, 0.15 or 0.20% . Using Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) in sterilization treatments at 1% or 1.25% gave the highest survival% for both Dendrobium nobile cv. “Irene Smile” and Phalaenopsis sogo cv. “Yenlin Coffee” vegetative shoot buds and peduncle basal buds of Phalaenopsis sogo cv. “Yenlin Coffee”.
The experiments of media type and strength were done with using MS medium at 50% strength to inoculate Dendrobium nobile cv. “Irene Smile” as achieved the highest number of shoots, number of leaves, shoot fresh weight and SPAD reading. Knudson C medium at full strength shared in the first position concerning number of shoots, shoot fresh weight and SPAD reading. Concerning Phalaenopsis sogo cv. “Yenlin Coffee”, both MS at 50% and Knudson C at 100% gave the highest number of shoots, number of leaves and shoot fresh weight. Knudson C at 100% induced also the highest SPAD reading. MS at 75%, MS at 100% and Knudson C at 75% shared in inducing the highest shoot fresh weight and SPAD reading. Both Knudson C at 50% and Knudson C at 150% resulted also the highest fresh weight.
Dendrobium nobile cv. “Irene Smile” in the three subcultures, TDZ at 1 ppm recorded the highest number of shoots and number of leaves, and the lowest value of shoot length. BAP at 3 ppm resulted in the highest values of number of shoots in the 1st and the 2nd subcultures, and the highest values of shoot fresh weight in the 3 subcultures. BAP at 5 ppm resulted in the highest number of shoots in the 3rd subculture. Kinetin at 1 ppm gave the longest shoots in the three subcultures while, Kinetin at either 3 or 5 ppm produced the longest shoots in the 1st and the 2nd subcultures.
The Effect of paclobutrazol on in vitro flowering of Dendrobium nobile cv. “Irene Smile” at 0.300, 0.500 and 0.750 ppm achieved the highest number of flowers/shoot, while paclobutrazol at 1.00 ppm achieved the second position of number of flowers/shoot.
In case of Phalaenopsis sogo cv. “Yenlin Coffee”, BAP at 3 ppm resulted in the highest values of number of shoots, number of leaves and shoot fresh weight in the three subcultures. Kinetin at 5 ppm shared also in the highest number of leaves in the 3rd subculture only. The control (PGR-free) treatment induced the longest shoots in the three subcultures. The longest shoots were also produced by kinetin at 1, 5 or 3 ppm in the 1st, 2nd and the 3rd subculture, respectively. TDZ at 3 ppm achieved the highest records of PLB’s number and fresh weight of PLB’s. BAP at 3 ppm scored the first position concerning fresh weight of PLB’s and the second rank of PLB’s number. BAP at 5 ppm achieved the second position of fresh weight of PLB’s. Applying tryptone at 1.0 g/l resulted in the highest number of shoots, number of leaves, shoot length and shoot fresh weight. Tryptone at 2.0 g/l induced the longest shoots.
Either IBA or NAA at 3, 5 and 7 ppm resulted in the highest rooting% in the two plants. IBA at 7 ppm resulted also in the highest number of roots/shoot, root fresh weight and plantlet fresh weight in Dendrobium nobile cv. “Irene Smile” only. NAA at 7 ppm produced the longest roots and the highest plantlet fresh weight in both plants, in addition to the highest root fresh weight and SPAD reading in Phalaenopsis sogo cv. “Yenlin Coffee” only.
For the Dendrobium nobile cv. “Irene Smile” acclimatization, charcoal induced the highest number of leaves and the second position concerning survival% and number of shoots. Mixture 1 (peat moss and perlite at 1:2, v:v) scored the highest survival%, number of shoots, number of leaves and root fresh weight. Mixture 2 (peat moss, perlite and shredded date palm leaflets at 1:1:1, v:v:v) induced the highest records of all the 7 characters studied.
In the same concern charcoal achieved the highest plant height. Mixture 3 (peat moss, perlite, charcoal and tree bark at 1:1:1:1, v:v:v:v) resulted in the highest number of leaves, plant height, plant fresh weight, root length and root fresh weight. Rockwool induced the highest plant fresh weight. Sphagnum moss produced the highest number of leaves, plant height, plant fresh weight, number of roots, root fresh weight and SPAD reading for Phalaenopsis sogo cv. “Yenlin Coffee”.
Keywords: Orchid, Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, Sterilization, Establishment, Multiplication, Rooting, In vitro flowering, media, Paclobutrazol, Tryptone, Acclimatization,