الفهرس 
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Abstract
It is necessary to estimate accurately transportation costs (capital and operational) for Egyptian National Railway (ENR) when developing transport tariffs in order to calculate the necessary subsidy to decrease the gap between revenues and actual expenses.
To realize this goal, three models proposed to estimate the operating costs for ENR for long distances passenger, short distances passenger and freight transport services, taken into consideration the inflation rate in prices.
These models must be compatible with the actual operating which reflects the average rates for both performance and consumption and they are also simple and easy to be applied based on financial and economical concepts as well as They are represented in operating units (passenger. kilometers) for passenger trains or (ton. kilometers) for freight ones.
Another three models were proposed to estimate the revenue for ENR for the three services which mentioned before. Applying these models to predict costs and revenues for the next six years (2014/2015-2019/2020), the deficit can be predicted during this period. So, solutions were assumed to face this annual deficit in such a way that the costs and revenues could be balanced during this period.
This research consists of six chapters
Chapter 1: Introduction
It defines the problem, the research objective and summarizes the thesis contents.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
It introduces a historical background and literature review of different models used to estimate the capital and operating costs.
Chapter 3: Operating Costs Concepts
It discusses with types of transportation in the railway. It discusses also the different definitions of costs and the cost components. Finally it exposes to capital and operating costs, revenue and subsidy in Egyptian National Railway (ENR).
Chapter 4: Data Collections
It deals with the data collected from ENR (financial and operational data) and inflation rates from CAPMAS. It represents also some statistics analysis on this data.
Chapter 5: Proposed Methodology and Application
The main objective of this chapter is to propose models to estimate the operating costs and other models to take the effect of inflation rates for the three services:
• Long distances passenger
• Short distances passenger
• Freight transport
It also proposes models to estimate revenue of the three services and then the required subsidy can be calculated to decrease it under some alternatives during a certain period.
Using the proposed models, one can predict the costs, revenue and subsidy for the next years during (2014/2015) to (2019/2020)
Simple Programme has developed to calculate costs, revenue, subsidy and operating units for the three services after select type of service and studying year
Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations
Finally, some important conclusions and useful recommendations are mentioned within this chapter. Suggestions for some future studies are presented.