الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was performed in order to investigate the toxic effect of cyanofenphos and profenophos on some Diochemical neuroparameters, some biochemical constituents and liver function in ma.le rabbits. In addition, histolo gical changes in the nervous system of male rabbits due to these organophosphates intoxication were studied. The following results were obtained: 1- Effects of acute single and repeated sub-lethal oral doses of cyanofenphos and profenophos on rabbits: Rabbits given single and sub-lethal doses of cya.nofenpho~ (25 and 9 mg/kg) respectively, developed paralysis after 4 days from the acute single dose administration and after )-6 weeks from the first day of administration of the sub-lethal dose. Also, it was noticed that rabbits lost theiJ weights and appetite. As for profenophos, it was not iced that this orga.no~hosphate in the different tested doses did not induce arJ.y neurotoxic effect. Also, it was observed that rabbits lost weight at the beginning of the administration but eventually regliined it. 2- Acute and sub-chronic effects of the tested insecticides on some biochemical neuroparameters in rabbit’s serum, brain and spinal cord: a) Effects on cholinesterase activity: Results in tables (1, 2 & 3) indicated that the acute and sub-chronic intoxication with the tested insecticides resulted in no marked inhibition of brain and spinal cord ChE. However, it was found that the activity of serum ChE was reduced in rabbits given the sub-lethal doses of .cyallof’enphos (9 mg/kg) or profenophos (30 mg/kg) to 55.06 and 32.44 respectively. b)Effects on monoamine oxidase activity : Results reported in tables (1, 2 & 3) demonstrated that serum ~ao activity was increased after the adminis tration of acute single and sub-lethal doses of cyallofenphos Bnd profenophos. While brain MAO activity was increased after the administration of acute single and sub-lethal doses of cyanofenphos (25 and 3 rug/kg) respectively, and after sub-lethal dose of profenophos (10 mg/kg). On the other hand, spinal cord MAO activity was increased after the administration of sub-lethal doses of cyanofenphoB and profenophos (J and 10 mg/kg) respectively. However, as1ight decrease was noticed in spinal cord MAO activity of rabbits given acute single and sub-lethal doses of cyanofenphos (25 and 9 mg/kg) respectively. c) Effects on adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) 2 : Tables (1, 2 & J) revealed that the A and NA contents in the blood were increased by the tested insect icides. This increase was accompanied by a significant depression in the catecholamines levels in the brain and spinal cord after acute and sub-chronic intoxication with the tested insec ticides, with the except ion of an increase in the level of brain and spinal cord after acute single dose administration of the tested insecticides. Also, it was observed that the effect of cyanofenphos was more pronounced in affecting the levels of catecholamines in the blood, brain and spinal cord. 3- Acute and sub-chronic effects of the tested insecticides on some biochemical constituents in rabbit’s serumJ brain~inal cord and sciatic nerve: 1) Cholesterol : Tables (4,5,6 & 7) showed that the cholesterol level was appa.rently and significantly increased in serum and brain of intoxicated rabbits, while the level of cholesterol in spinal cord and sciatic nerve of these animals was apparently l1iecreased . Table (9) indicated that the level of hepatic cholesterol was increased in rabbits acutely and sub-chronically il1to xicated with the tested insecticides. 2) Triglycerides : Tables (4, 5, 6 & 7) demonstrated that triglycerides concentrations in rabbit’s serum, brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve were significantly reduced by the tested insecticides administered acutely and sub-chronically. However, a significant increase in triglycerides concentrations was observed in the spinal cord of rabbits given the sub-lethal dose of profenophos (10 mg/kg) .3) B-Lipoproteins : Tables (4, 5, 6 & 7) indicated that the serum Blipoprotei.ns of intoxicated rabbits were slightly reduced by the tested insecticides administered acutely and sub-chronically, while the level of B-lipoproteins in brain and sciatic .nerve were significantly and apparently increased. On the other hand, the spinal cord B-lipoproteins were significantly and apparently increased following the administration of acute single dose (600 mg/kg) and sub-lethal doses (10 and 30 mg/kg) of profenophos. While, the administration of sub-lethal doses of cyanofenphos (3 and 9 mg/kg) resulted in an apparent decrease in the level of spinal cord B-lipoproteins of rabbits. 4) Total proteins: Tables (4, 5, 6 & 7) revealed a general tendency of increase in serum and bra;i.n total proteins levels of illto xicated rabbits. On the other band, spinal cord and sciatic nerve total proteins levels of these animals showed an apparent decrease which was significant in the sciat ic nerve after the administration of acute single dose of profenophos (600 mg/kg) and sub-lethal doses of cyanofenphos and profenophos (9 and 10 mg/kg) respectively. Table (9) showed that the level of hepatic total proteins was increased in rabbits acutely and sub-chronically intoxi cated with the tested insecticides. 5) Copper : Tables (4, 5, 6 & 7) demonstrated a significant reduction in the copper level in serum of intoxicated rabbits, while apparent and significant increases in the copper level u brain and spinal cord of these animals were found following the administration of the sub-lethal doses of the tested iwecticides. On the other hand, the acute s’ngle dose administration of the tested insecticides revealed apparent and significant decreases in the copper level in brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve of intoxicated rabbits. Table (9) revealed that the hepatic copper level in rabbits was significantly increased after the administration of acute single and sub-lethal doses of the tested insecticides . 4- Acute and sub-chronic effects of the tested insecticides on liver function in rabbits: 1) Alkaline phosphatase : Tables (8 & 9) showed that serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in rabbits given the sub-lethal dose of cyanofenphos (9 mg/kg) and the acute single dose of profenophos (600 mg/kg). While an apparent increase was observed in rabbits given the sub-lethal doses of profenophos (10 and 30 mg/kg). Also, it was observed that hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly and apparently increased in rabbits after acute intoxicatioA with the tested insecticides and after the administration of ” , ’.’, the sub-lethal doses of cyanofenphos (9 mg/kg) and profenophos (30 mg/kg). However, an apparent decrease in hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity was noted in rabbits given the sub-lethal doses of cyanofenphos (3 mg/kg) and profe nophos (10 mg/kg) . 2) Acid phosphatase : Tables (8 & 9) indicated that serum and hepatic acid phosphatase activities were apparently and significantly increased in rabbits acutely and sub-chronically intoxicated with the tested insecticides. 3) Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) : Tables (8 & 9) revealed significant and ~pparent decreases in GPT activity in serum of rabbits given the sub-lethal dose of profenophos (30 mg/kg) and the acute single dose of cyanofenphos (25 mg/kg). However, the ,}. sub-lethal doses administration of cyanofenphos (3 mg/kg) and profenophos (10 mg/kg) and the acute single dose , administration of profenophos (600 mg/kg) resulted in an apparent increase in serum GPT activity of intoxicated rabbits. Also, it was observed that hepatic GPT activity was significantly increased in rabbits acutely and subchronically intoxicated with the tested insecticides. 5- Histological changes in the nervous system of male rabbits after acute and sub-chronic intoxication with the tested insecticides: Results reported in figures (4-9) indicated that only sections of brain (motor area of cerebral cortex) from rabbits given the sub-lethal dose of cyanofenphos (9 mg/kg) revealed histological abnormalities. Also, histological changes in the sciatic nerve were observed only in rabbits given the sub-lethal doses of cyanofenphos (9 mg/kg) and profenophos (30 mg/kg). The changes were more pronounced in rabbits which had received the sub-lethal dose of cyanofenphos (9 mg/kg). On the other hand, no histological abnormalities were observed in sections of the spinal cord of intoxicated rabbits with the tested insecticides.^leng