الفهرس 
Contemporary Movements in ArchitectureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The remains ol ancient Egyptian buildings ere, naturally, a erv attractive treasure to both foreign and Egyptian historians and researchers that absorbed the largest part of their attention. Coptic antiquities, coming as they do between ancient Egyptian and Islamic monuments, have been unduly neglected. Al:hrugh the chain of history is. in fact, unbroken, that it may. however. he doubted whether eisewhere in the v orid there is so continuous a series of links. The buildings that grew up in Efl’. t under Christian influence have as yet been but little studied. and it must be admitted :ha: as they were seen. decrepit. neglected, and ruined, they are not very attractive. To trace the history of these churches. to show how Christianity. which were at first driven into holes and caves, came forth from the dim catacombs of Alexandria, stood in light, and in spite of the fierce opposition, won its way from the Medierranean to the tropics; a work for which time and material alike fail. This 3:ssertation, throughout its successive chapters, represented a trial to elucidate the different aspects that formed churches’ architecture in general. and Coptic architecture in particular. It also introduced a rather detailed trace to its development throughout the different epochs and how the different factors of the surrounding environment had intervened to its character. Christian doctrines spread in Egypt as early as the l century. Starting from the 50 century, churches sprang up through all the land of Egypt. The delta was covered with them: singly or in clusters they were dotted along the banks of the Nile for at least a thousand miles south towards Ethiopia and even the silence of the desert was broken by hymn and chant from chapels built upon scenes that were hollowed h\ the life and death of holy anchorites. Even in the most remote oasis. El Kharga. deep in the estern desert the early Copts left their prints. Coptic architecture was the crop of two supplemented factors: a religious factor coming from the Orthodox ritual to which the Copiic Church belongs: and an environmental factor which was resulted in by the different elements of Egyptian context. The former defined the intangible aspects, which are unmistakably realized in the peculiarities of the design: and the latter defined the tangible aspects that had occued in form, character. And building materials. Although fully integrated into the body of the Egyptian nation. the Copts have survived as a strong religious entity that prides itself on hs contribution to the Christian world. The Coptic Church regards itself as a strong defendant of Orthodox liturgy, which reveals full observance of this liturgy as a spiritual background tha: has been correlated to its existence along the time.