الفهرس 
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Abstract
The technology of marine pipelines has been improved so much in the final years in Egypt. The welding of the marine pipelines considers being the most important factor influencing the pipelines industry.
This study reveals the two types used in laying marine pipelines with the advantages and disadvantages of each type.
The most critical problem of a marine pipeline is the buckling problem or any damage occurred to the pipeline. This study discusses the main items relating to welding of marine pipeliries and the expected problems associated with pipeline welding. In addition, the study reveals all kinds of marine pipelines buckling and the corresponding repairing system used for each kind.
According to the author back experience in working in pipelines field in Egypt, the underwater repairing systems are never applied as a solution for any damage that can be occurred in the pipeline. This lack of applying the underwater repairing systems for pipelines has several reasons as following: Poor knowledge for the underwater welding characteristics Insufficient training for the underwater welding for both divers & welding inspectors The research programs for almost all companies are random and did not contain training programs to support the underwater welding.
Most of the oil & gas platforms in Egypt are located in shallow waters, which can be repaired by raising the pipeline to the surface.
Although in many cases the underwater repairing systems can be less expensive especially the wet underwater welding, this method is not used. The next explorations for the platforms in the Mediterranean are located in deep waters and the only method for repairing such pipelines is the underwater repairing system.