الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 182 |  |  |
| | | from | 182 | | |
Abstract
For decades, the focus of international public health has been on :ing child mortality. According to the WorId Health Organization, about million children under the age of five years died in the year 2000. The majority of these deaths were preventable with current technology. Hence, ~der 5 mortality reflects the health status and development of countries Despite the improvements in the health and well-being of populations Ilyover the last few decades, several factors persist as major obstacles ’~st improvements of under 5 mortality in many developing countries. ’ever, the development of effective programs to reduce the burden of under lortality requires a detailed knowledge of mortality distribution and the New approaches are needed to assist in the on-going battle against under Irtality. As a tool for helping communities to combat under 5 mortality, allows for the collection, storage, retrieval, analysis and spatial display of r 5 deaths. The ability to visually display the spatial relationships makes a uniquely well suited analytical tool for understanding the under 5 lity problem. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels, trend and spatial ibution of under five mortality in Alexandria using GIS in an effort to :tareas of high U5MR and clarify relationships among the various causes infant and child mortality and sociodemographic and environmental In order to fulfill this ~im, a retrospective study was conducted from to 2001 where, data about deaths of children under the age of five years fulg to their residence) were obtained trom the Health Intormauon and sociodemographic data of 1996 census. The under 5 mortality rates ’0-200 I were calculated in accordance with the residential areas of the d. All mortality rates were expressed as the number of deaths per 1000 i8irths in a given year. The trend and the seasonal variation of mortality were assessed. GIS spatial analysis was used to assess the relation of ) mortality rates and sociodemographic and environmental factors. Data live births and under 5 deaths in 2002 was also obtained for the .ionofthe trend equations of various under 5 mortality rates. The study revealed the following main results: The study included 13344 deaths of children under five years during the ,period. Among the 7 districts of Alexandria that have been studied the lital component was the dominant contributor to the under 5 mortality, it accounted for up to 60 of under 5 deaths (ranged between 52.9 to 70). However, in the lowest socio-economic areas (Amria and Borg AI I) the post-neonatal mortality component took the upper hand. As for the child’s sex, male mortality is slightly higher than femalf ity. Hence, there was no discrimination against girls as the case in otheJ The leading causes of under-five death were: perinatal illnesses, acut~ liratOry infections, congenital malformations and injuries.