الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 179 |  |  |
| | | from | 179 | | |
Abstract
The Dyes Stuff and Chemicals Company (ISMADYE) is one of the important stages of the Egyptian industrial revolution. It produces aifferent types of dyes used in textile and chemical industries. It was installed first at Ismailia City in 1964, then removed to its present location in Kafr EI-Dawar industrial area. It was constructed under the airection of two industrial companies (Italian Company and Polish Company). The company treats its wastewater by coagulation and sedimentation processes where lime is used as a coagulant. The sludge produced from the sedimentation process is disposed off in drying beds. So!idification/stabilization (S/S) technology is a technique widely used to i . . treat hazardous wastes, liquid or sludge forms, to produce a solid form for . I land disposal. The S/S technology could solve the problem of safe , handling, treatment and transportation of the sludge produced in this This work aimed at the following objectives: Application of solidification/stabilization technology for the treatment of the sludge generated ftom the waste treatment plant of the Dyes Stuff, and Chemicals Company at Kaft EI-Dawar. ’eve this objective, the following methodology was followed: rvey of the wastewater treatment plant was carried out which ded the mixing tank, precipitation basins, and final disposal of posite sludge samples were taken from two full basins through months. Eight separate sampling sites in the two basins were n. The samples were preserved in plastic bags in a refrigerator. binders and additives were selected. Ordinary Portland Cement C) and Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) were chosen as binders while ,gypsum, and bentonite were chosen as additives. eight sludge composite samples, binders, and additives were ,yzed for volatile substances, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved s, pH, ar,idity, alkalinity, conductivity, bulk density, moisture, J metal concentrations, Deutsche Industrie Normen (DIN), and leralized Acid Neutralization Capacity (GANC). ” eight sludge composite samples and the binders samples were ared for solidification/stabilization applications through drying at IOC till constant weight, crushing, and sieving through 40-mesh , A composite sample was prepared from the eight sludge ,Ies for solidification/stabilization application using equal iUnts from each sample (0.5 Kg’from each) and placed in sealed ”ic bottles. erent batches of lime, OPC, CKD, and gypsum were prepared in C cylinders and cured for 28 days. First, the components of each were weighed, water was added slowly up to 0.4 to 0.5 water to .ent ratio with good mixing to make homogeneous batches, poured ,plastic cylinders, and cured at room temperature for 28 days. the 28th day, the cured batches were tested using Unconfined pressive Strength (UCS) to choose the best percentage of binders solidification/stabilization of the sludge waste. ’dificationlstabilization process of the sludge was performed on n four batches using 500/0 sludge. The chosen binders ntage were OPC (20 ), lime (10 ), CKD (5-20 ), and tonite (0-15).These batches were cured for 112 days. Five batches were made from each batch for 1 s\ 281\ and 11 ih d~y yses, The steps of curing were the same as for the choosing of the binders percentage. lysis of solidified/stabilized batches was carried at the 1 sI day of ing, The first sub-batches of the four batches were analyzed for , GANC, heavy metals concentration, and ’chemical oxygen tthe28th and llih days, the second to the fifth sub-batches of the ,atches were tested for DCS, DIN, GANC, heavy metals Itration, and chemical oxygen demand. 14U. results of the study revealed the following: The sludge of ISMADYE is characterized by acidic pH (3.8-8.4), c< moderate moisture content (34.5-53.7), high in conductivity (J5720-88320 IlS/cm), low bulk density (535.4-801.1 Kg/m3), moderate V.S. (18.4-63.6 ), high COD (25-87.8),and of high levels of heavy metals, for example Cu (2112-5733 mg/Kg). Both binders, OPC and CKD, had the same pH (11) and V.S. (2.9). CKD had more alkalinity (1.70/0) and dissolved solids (5.3 0/0). Lime nad the highest pH (11.1) and alkalinity (1.3 ) and the lowest V.S. (7.3) amongst the additives. However, it had the highest dissolved solids (11.2) and consequently, the highest conductivity (87940 for the binders mixtures decreased when the lime or gypsum percentage increased. On the other hand, the UCS of oifferent lime percentage increased as the OPC percentage increased. (OPC and CKD) and lime had high neutralization the other hand, the waste and bentonite had poor utralization capacity as indicated by the GANC tests. The chosen solidification/stabilization batches were based on 200/00PC, ’IWo lime, 50 sludge, CKD (5-20 ), and bentonite (0-15) in the four . -,- . . ~H of solidified sludge at all days ranged between (11.2-12). By gacid, the pH dropped until it reached (3.3-3.9) at the 11th day. ”g’hday is statistically the same as 112th day. COD of S/S batches leachate decreased with time in all batches. ically, COD removal for 112th day is better than that of 28th day. ues of S/S batches was directly proportional with the curing The 11th day DeS was statistiCally higher than that of 28th day. found that heavy metals concentrations of S/S batches leachate sed with time in all batches. On the contrary, the heavy metals ntrations increased with pH decrease. The 11th day was and it had lo.wer heavy metals concentrations than included from this study that: were differences between the characteristics of sludge of ent sampling sites in the same basin and in both basins. This be due to the addition of unadjusted lime doses during lization and mixing process. direct disposal of the s’ludge is not recommended as its teristics reveals its hazardous waste type. CKD, lime, and bentonite are the best binders and additives. .. optimum batch components were found to be 500/0 sludge, 20 ,(5-20 ) CKD, 10 lime, and (0-15 ) bentonite. !eachate of the llih day batches had the lowest chemical utants concentration and the DeS of the 11 ih day batches was er than that of the 28th day. Are were no significant differences between the S/S of the four hes concerning the chemical and physical characteristics. On the r hand, significant differences were observed between the days’ S/S batches had to be left at least 112 days before disposal. Even r this time, S/S batches could not be landfilled in acid soil or near l ’. -, ’111/ofthe above mentioned conclusions, the following is recommended re should be proper monitoring for the wastewater pH, lime dose, ”ing, and sedimentation process. CKD has to be used in the batches to lower the cost and ope has . be used in S/S process for its important role in the S/S DeS. bentonite has to be used to bind with the high organic content in S/S process due to its high ues and its !anic properties. :e ISMADYE sludge waste has to be used up to 500/0 in S/S batches ~eto its high volume and the high cost of additives and binders. ~s batches have to be cured for 112 days before final disposal. Even landfill has to be restored to, to the disposal of this iTo mitigate the health impacts, totally mechanical system for sludge, binders, additives” solidification/stabilization ~rocess, and transportation should be used utilized for all processes of ~IS technology. For personal protection, the use of gloves, boots, ~rons, and masks are mandatory. In addition, safe work environment tconomical feasibility study should be carried out to select the proper Dinders, additives, batch percentages, cure time, and final disposal options.^leng