الفهرس 
AnatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The recently introduced (Vertebroplasty) is the injection of bone cement material into a fractured vertebral body aiming at stabilization, and prevention of further vertebral body collapse and kyphosis. The augmentation and stabilization of vertebrae using acrylic cement as an open procedure has been practiced for many years; however, the percutaneous introduction of cement into a vertebra was first reported in the late eighties.
Vertebral compression fractures may be a result of bone weakened by osteoporosis, trauma, or tumors such as metastases, multiple myeloma, and hemangioma; osteoporosis, however, accounts for most fractures.
Until recently, vertebral compression fractures have been treated mainly with bed rest, analgesics, braces, and variable modes of physical therapy. Operative intervention has been reserved for cases of neurologic compromise, which are exceedingly rare in these low-energy fractures.
The procedure was quickly adopted to stabilize osteoporotic fractures, with the indications expanding rapidly to include traumatic and neoplastic vertebral