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Abstract
The Use of Modern Biotechnology
in the Production of High Immune Response Chickens
English Summary (1500 word)
The study was conducted as an attempt to introduce fragment functional Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (transgenesis) with different levels (1, 2, 4 µg /egg) and separated cells (chimera) with different levels (100 and 300 cells/egg)) from thymus and Bursa of Fabricious glands from Japanese quail (Coturnix coturinix japonica) into the embryonated cells of Bandara strain at the third day of incubation.
The results were summarized at the following
I. Hatch traits:
1. Hatchability percentages: The effect of different foreign DNA sources and levels on hatchability percentages was significantly realized (maximum) (60.55%) for eggs injected by 4µg/egg of bur-DNA.
2. Early embryonic mortality: Significant differences between the sources (P<0.05) and types (P<0.01) of foreign DNA and cells were found, percentages of all treatments ranged from 14.33% and 71.00% for eggs injected by bur-DNA (4µg) and those injected by thy-cells (300 cell). Thymus cells had the highest percentage (69.14%). while that of control group was the lowest (17.95%).
3. Late embryonic mortality: Eggs injected by the bur-DNA had lower average (14.30%) and eggs injected by (2µg) of thy-DNA, had the highest average (26.29%), while average of control eggs was (16.2%).
II. Growth traits:
1. Body weight:
- Injecting eggs with thy-cells improved significantly body weight at 4 wks of age by (10.01%) compared to those of bur-cells group, while chicks of bur-DNA were heavier compared to those of thy-DNA by (7.56%), Average of control (158.0 g) was close to maximum weights of those groups at this age.
- Injection of bur-DNA improved chicks body weight at 6, 8, 10, 12 wks of age compared to control one by 3.32, 4.35, 9.43% and 7.08%, respectively.
2. Relative growth rate:
- Injected eggs with thy-cells improved relative growth rate by 12.6% and 28.8% compared with control and bur-cells injected groups during 2-4 wks of age, while thy-DNA improved chicks relative growth rate by 5.8% and 1.3% compared with bursa injected and control groups.
- Thy-DNA transgenic group were faster in growth than both bur-DNA and control groups by 6.27% and 20.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the increase in relative growth rate of bursa transgenic group compared to control one was 13.4%.Bur-DNA transgenic group had significantly higher (19.9%) relative growth rate than those of bursa cell.
3. Feed intake: Source of glands affected significantly (P<0.05) feed intake only, at 2-6