الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes is now recognized as a public health problem that affects large numbers of subjects of all social classes all over the world. The incidence of type 1 DM is increasing worldwide both in low and high incidence populations. By the year 2016, the incidence will be 50 per 100,000 per year. In recent years, the growing problem of diabetes mellitus in Egypt has become a burden on the public health because of its chronic, disabling and costly nature. As diabetes is a life-long disease, education of the patient to be responsible for his own health has a considerable effect on his quality of life and can influence the occurrence of diabetic complications. It is only in the recent years that the importance of education in the management of diabetes in outpatient clinics has been recognized. Involving the diabetics in their management help them to incorporate the daily routine of self care into their life-style. The present philosophy of diabetes management is to maintain blood glucose level as close to normal as possible without causing hypoglycemia, and to maintain normal growth and development and prevent or delay the onset of long-term complication, and to preserve social/psychological well being. Nutritional education is an essential component of the management for the child with diabetes mellitus and his or her caregiver. This includes a 11.1 .. 11 III thorough assessment and development of an individualized nutrition care plan. To help the diabetic to accept his diabetes, it is necessary to implicate him in the nutritional management by an active cooperation in the establishment of a regimen which is planned around the usual dietary pattern of the family. Dietary recommendations should be based on good e-crc’drghabits for the whole family. The main aim of the present work was to assess the nutritional profIle of newly diagnosed children with type 1 DM and the changes occurring in eating habits of their families and factors affecting these changes, and to study the relation between changes in eating habits and the glycemic control of the diabetic children. The present study was conducted on the newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic subjects attending the diabetic center of Sporting Student Hospital. A total sample of 200 children, 100 were type 1 DM and 100 non diabetic as control, matched for age, sex and free from any chronic disease. Design of the study was a comparative cross-sectional to assess the food habits and nutrient intake of diabetic children; and then a follow-up study for 3 months to investigate the effect of discovering the disease on changing eating habits of their families. For the comparative cross-sectional study data was collected from cases and controls using 4 tools which are: first, interviewing by a pre II1II designed questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics (personal and family characteristics), medical history and infant feeding pattern of the diabetic child. Dietary intake data was taken using 24 hour diet recall and eating habits was assessed by use of food frequency questionnaire. The second and third tools Were the physical and anthropometric assessments, and lastly the fourth tool was the laboratory investigations. For the follow-up study, diabetic children and their families were given the nutritional advice based on the dietary recommendations of the ADA. Diabetic children were reassessed after 3 months to detect the changes occurred in eating habits, in anthropometric measurements and in the state of glycemic control. Statistical management of the collected data using descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation and graphical presentation) and analytical statistics (chi square, student t-test of significance for comparison between mean changes in both groups, paired t-test, and Mann Whitney test). Main findings revealed the following: The studied sample was composed of 100 diabetics and 100 controls. Their ages ranged from <7-15 years or more, with mean age of 11.89 :t 4.25 years for cases and 11.26 :t 3.76 years for controls. The greatest percent of diabetic children was during adolescent period ( 11-15 years). Also, a higher percent of females got the disease at an earlier age than males