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Abstract
OSCC is one of the most common malignancies occurring world wide. Despite all progress in therapeutic modalities, the survival rate as well as the quality of life of those who suffer from this disease is very low.
The cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma is multifactorial. No single causative factor (carcinogen) has been clearly defined or accepted, but both extrinsic and intrinsic factors may be at work.
A compromised immune system puts patients at risk for oral cancer. This increased risk has been documented for bone marrow and kidney transplant recipients, who are iatrogenically immunosuppressed.
Tumors are often infiltrated by lymphocytes, macrophages and DCs. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known to have diverse function in tumor microenvironment. They produce soluble cytokines that regulate proliferation and metastatic activity of tumor cells, promote angiogenesis and participate in host defense mechanisms against tumor cells. Functionally deficiency of TILs i.e. diminished cytotoxic capacity and lowered tumor-antigen recognition or immune escape of TILs by apoptosis are mechanisms that can lead to tumor growth.
In the present study, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of CD3, CD4 and CD8 in OSCC, in relationship to the histopathological grades and clinical stages.
Fifteen biopsies of OSCC were included in this study. Each biopsy was formalin fixed and paraffin embedded, sectioned and stained with conventional haematoxylin and eosin stain for routine diagnosis and histologic grading.