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Abstract
The nonhomogenity of soil can be attributed to many factors; one of them is soil stratification. The current thesis aims to study the bearing capacity of shallow foundations resting on a sand bed overlain by a rock stratum. The rock topography was considered to be a sudden change from a horizontal surface to an inclined surface at a given crest. The problem was investigated theoretically via a parametric study perfonned by using the well known finite element program ”PLAXIS”.
The effects of soil properties and system geometry were studied by varying the corresponding parameters. The soil properties were presented by the compression modulus of elasticity (E), which nonnalized by the corresponding modulus of rock via a ratio named Relative Rigidity (E..). The geometry of the system was presented by three parameters, Sand thickness (D), footing location (X), and rock surface inclination (a). Moreover the effect of surface surcharge on the bearing capacity of shallow foundations was examined.
The obtained results con finned in general the high sensitivity of the bearing strata. The study indicated that the effects of the abovementioned factors were obvious if the sand layer was relatively weak to the rock base, i.e. at higher values of (Er), the effects of system geometry were almost vanished.