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Abstract
Land use and soil resilience mapping in some desertic fringes of Giza governorate have been studied using aerial photo-interpretation techniques for mapping. The studied area stretches between longitudes 310 00’ and 310 20’ East and latitudes 290 15’ and 300 00’ North, with an area of 4373.34 Km2.
Aerial photo-interpretation was the main tool applied for compiling the physiographic map of the investigated area. The boundaries of the mapping units were checked in the field by (60) observation points for the realizing of their accuracy. (36) soil profiles were carefully described and their morphological properties were noted. 113 described soil samples were collected for the different physical, chemical and fertility analyses.
The physiographic units were coupled with soil taxonomic units of great group level according to Soil survey staff (1999) to represent the physiographic soil correlation in the investigated area. The main great group are Torripsamments, Torriorthents and Torrifluvents.
The obtained data reveals the following main points:
4- Soil resilience assessment:-
4-a- Soil resilience according to the rate of soil degradation: soil resilience class is high which covers an area of 3177.96 km2, moderate in an area of 233.75 km2 and non to slight in an area of 73.10 km2.
4-b- Soil resilience according to the rate of soil restoration: soil resilience class is high which covers an area of 23.72 km2, moderate in an area of 119.61 km2 and non to slight in an area of 3341.43 km2.
4-c- Soil resilience according to the modeling: soil resilience class is moderate in an area of 143.33 km2 and non to slight in an area of 3341.43 km2.
4-d- Soil resilience classes: class 0, presented in the mapping unit of WP33 with an area of 23.72 km2, class 1, presented in the mapping units of WP32, AW12, EP32 and AC22, with the area of 119.61 km2, class 2, presented in the mapping units of WP1 , WP2, WP31,WV, AW11, EP1, EP2, EP31 and EV with an area of 3034.63 km2 and class 3, presented in the mapping units of AW22, EP33, AC11, AC12 and AC21 with an area of 233.7 km2.
5- Land suitability: The Pro&Eco Model was used to product land suitability for some common crops cultivated in the studied area including: Wheat, maize, melon, potato, soybean, cotton, sun flower, sugar beat, alfa alfa, peach, citrus and olive.
The optimum suitable areas (S1) for cotton and sugar beat are covered an area of 79.52 km2 and 81.69 km2, respectively. The high suitable areas (S2) for potato, soybean, sun flower, alfa alfa, peach, citrus and olive occurred on an area of about 211.91 km2. The moderate suitable areas (S3) for wheat, maize, melon, potato, soybean, sun flower and alfa alfa are occurred on an area of 888.54 km2. On the other hand, most of the studied area was marginal suitable (S4 and S5) for all selected crops, vegetables and fruits except olive are moderate suitable in these areas.
6- General land use capability: The MicroLEIS model provides prediction for general land use capability for a broad series of possible uses. According to the model production, most of the studied area could be classified as (S3lrb), (S3lb) and (S3l) with total area of about 3164.98 km2. Good capability areas (S2l) covered an area of about 217.63 km2. On the other hand, the excellent capability areas (S1) are occurred in an area of 76.15 km2.