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Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
Textile fibers could be broadly divided into natural and man-made (synthetic and regenerated) fibers. The most common and popular natural fibers are cotton, wool and silk.
Cotton is known as the “King” of fibers and silk is known as the “Queen” of fibers. Both natural and synthetic fibers have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Cotton fiber has excellent “next-to-skin” comfort properties. Though, it is used for the under wears fabrics due to hygienic reasons and to a void the sensitivity of skin. But it has some disadvantages such as less of strength, elongation, crease and abrasion resistance and durability.
The polyester fibers is well known most popular and consumption synthetic man-made fiber in the world wide due to its desired properties. It has high tenacity, elongation %, wrinkle and abrasion resistance. Besides, its softness, well drape, durability easy wears and not attacks by micro-organisms and insects. But it has shortage in absorbency and comfort due to the high crystalline % in the fine structure. Also, it has some drawback like high levels of pilling tendency and flammability.
Viscose fibers have high moisture regain absorbency, comfortable and softness so it dyes easily, drapes well, biodegradable and not shrink when heated. It is used in most apparel end-uses, and in hygienic disposables as staple fibers. In filament yarn form it is excellent for linings and used very little in home furnishing fabrics. In the industrial field, because of its thermal stability, a high modulus version is still the main product used in Europe to reinforce high speed tires. But it has shortage in strength and crease resistance due to low crystalline % in the fine structure.
Today, the most common practice in textile manufacturing to produce a mostly cotton fabric with improved functional performance is to intimately blend cotton with a suitable Man-made fiber to minimize negative and emphasize positive characteristics of fibers.
The acceptable homogenous blend is achieved by bringing fiber together in finest possible subdivision to the processing line or as card slivers in the drawing process to compensate the shortage in natural fiber.
However, blending cotton with Man-made fibers makes it possible to combine the positive properties of both. In addition that, improving durability and aesthetic properties such as luster, surface texture, drape, fullness, firmness, dryness, smoothness, softness and tailor ability. Moreover, the economic fibers costs and high performance in spinning, weaving, dyeing, and finishing.
Recently, cotton, viscose and polyester could be blended as binary or trimary blends to combine the advantages and composite the disadvantages of those fibers. The intimate blends of those fibers usually done using a small lufts in the blow rooms, but most of successful binary or trimary blends mainly performed on the drawing frames.
Using a modified ring spinning frames a “sandwich” formed by two cotton rovings on the outside and draft strand of a man-made fiber on the inside, the three rovings could be twisted to give staple-core yarns.