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Abstract
The term prostatodynia, or chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), is loosely used to designate any unexplained chronic pelvic pain associated with either (1) nonspecific voiding symptoms and/or pain located anywhere in or around the groin, genitalia, or perineum or (2) the absence of pyuria and bacteriuria, with or without an excess WBCs or bacteria, on results from Gram stain and culture of expressed prostatic secretions (EPSs) in male patients.(1)
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is the occurrence of persistent or recurrent episodic pelvic pain associated with symptoms suggestive of lower urinary tract, sexual, bowel or gynecological dysfunction. There is no proven infection or other obvious pathology.(2)
Chronic pelvic pain is a common problem presenting a major challenge to healthcare professionals. This is partly due to the lack of understanding of the etiology and natural history of the disease.(3)
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men especially in chronic nonbacterial Prostatitis (chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome) is a common condition in men that accounts for a significant number of visits to a medical doctor or urologist.(4)
The etiology of chronic nonbacterial chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is unclear. That may be why treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs often fail.(5)
Chronic pelvic pain is common in women in the reproductive age group and it causes disability and distress and results in significant costs to health services. The pathogenesis of chronic pelvic pain is poorly understood. Often, investigation by laparoscopy reveals no obvious cause for pain. The pathophysiology of chronic pelvic pain is not well understood, so its treatment is often unsatisfactory and limited to symptom relief.(6)