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INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL REVIEW
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HISTORICAL NOTE
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NORMAL CEREBROVASCULAR ANATOMY AND COLLATERAL PATHWAYS OF THE CAROTID ARTERY
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The Common Carotid Arteries
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The External Cartoid Artery(ECA)
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The Internal Cartoid Artery(ICA)
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Pathology In Extracranial CEREBROVASCULAR Disease
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Atherosclersis
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Arterial Enogation ,Tortuousity and Kinking
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Extrinsic Compression
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Migraine
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Doppler Physics
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The Doppler Principle
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Doppler Techniques
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Clinical Applications
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Normal ,AbNormal Sonographic Apperances in Extracranial Carotid System
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Summary
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References
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الملخص العربى