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Abstract
The recognition of the ability of the bone to regenerate has stimulated the development of different procedures to lengthen or restore bone loss through passive distraction such as, external fixators, hybrid systems (lengthening over intramedullary nail) and lately, fully implantable lengthening devices.
The use of external fixation is associated with many problems such as, soft tissue transfixation by pins and wires can cause muscle contractures and joint stiffness, pain, and infections. Furthermore, lengthening by external fixators can lead to secondary axial deformity and refractures of the regenerated bone.