الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Protein deficiency is an import-ant nutritional problem affecting large population group in many parts of the world and many developing countrieso Protein deficiency is more prevalent when protein of animal origin. are lacking in diet, Such protein are more I expensive and less available in different communities. Fish is considered an excellent source of animal protein, its nutritive value is equal to that of meat.Many workers in. the feild of human nutrition stressed that the consumption of fish in sufficient quantities can help in correcting the state of protein deficiency which is widely prevalent toda~~ 130 -’” In- order to produce the amount of protein required at present as well as for the future induced by the fast increase in population, different countries have taken wisely serious interest developments of their fishery resources either by exploiting less conventional sp ecies of fi,eh or by maintaining a satisfactory rate of fish production through improve ment of brackish water fishery and establishment of fish farms as a mean of fast and more producti ve fish resou.rces~ -.:, In Egypt as a result of the population growth and in order to increase the availability of p~otein ~ich food a great attention is now being given f.o~ fish f~m1ng technique which has an impo~tant pa~t in food Becu~ity p~og.rammes that designed to 1mprove the nutritiona1 sta tus of the population t~oughout the country’; At present an area of about 50,000 Fed. ~e utilized for fish f~m1ng, the ..government as well as private secto~s ) are ve~y much enth.iJl’astic to adopt this food production technology which show some promise of cont~ibuting to the alleviation of protein deficiencieso The present study was done to assess the present status of f ish f~ms espe cially f ish pond f~ms, and to. evaluate their ~ole in food security programmes in the country. To achieve such goal, the present study follow the system below I The present status of fish pond f~ms in the country I . Four gove~no~ates were chosen f~ this study which represent the sea of potential fish farming in the country namely Beheria, Kafr El Sheikh, Dakahlia and Sha~kia, :t:.~om each a sample of 20 farms were randomly selected. The method ) used for the co~lection ot data was the personal interviews / I either with the owner or the operator, field observation and recorded data about the selected farms. Egyptian population and the additional quantities of fish ~eeded upto the year 2000 The average population of the different Egyptian governorates in 1985, 1990, and the year 2000 was estimated , based on 1966 and L976 population data, the arithmatic and geometric progression methods are used. According to the expected growth of pupulation and by assn~~ng that the present rate of fish consumption was increased from 4 Kg to 6 Kg in 1985, then to 8 Kg in 1990 and to 12 Kg in the year , . . . 2000 the additional quantities of fiah needed upto the year , 2000 was obtained. Role of fish farming in food security programma I The role of fish farming in food security programmes in Egypt was evaluated based on, the present rate of fish production from the investigated farms, available area could be utilized for fish farm.1.ng and the a dditio1l81 quantities of fish needed upto the year 2000. The ’data and the results of the present study could be gwmmerized as follows I The present status of Pond f i’{!h farming: The study illustrated that, lands that remain unpr oductive or not suitable for plant production representing the potential I~ . sites used for fish farming, the rive Nile and its branches are the main water supply for these farms, in the governmental farms --- - are managed under scientific experts and technical supervision, special consideration are given for site selection, water supply, layout of the ponds, ratio of water area and dep th, drainage arrangment and other co~st.ruction parameters needed. Also ponds are stocked with adequate number of fry, provided with quanti ty of fertilizers and supplementary feed. The area of single ~arm varies from 100 to 3000 Fed. and water depth from 1.0,to 1;25 mt Fish farms in private sectors are managed based on the traditional experts of fish farmers, no or little considerations were given for the standards requ1.red for fish farms that mentioned above. The area of single farms varies from 2 to 100 Fed; with water’depth of 0.3 mt to 1.0 mt. The major species cultured in Egypt are grey mullets Mugil Cephalus and Mugil Capito, Cyprinlus Carpio, Tl1apia Spp and Clarias Lazera . The stocking system normally depend upon water source and some economic consideration:. The main sources of mullet fry are El~ex, Gamasa, El-:Gerby and Edfina Barrage in addi ti on to some localities in Delta lakes, El Serrow fish farm is the main source of Common Garp. Fish production from the non-governmental fish ponds. - J I is estimated at the range of about 380 Kg! Fed/y. which to great extent considered lowe production rate. I Factors influncing Fish P.o.nd Productions The result show that, from the investigated fish farms, fish production was greatly influenced by the following I Area of fish p ondsl In pr ivate fish farms an area of about 32 fed. are usually used as one ponds, two or more in few cases used as producing ponds, in these farms the result show that there is !l° significant relationship. between the area and the rate of fish production ~e to the lack of principle consideration of fish farming technique. Water depth a The result show that there is _a- pos.i:.tive relation_ship between the depth of fish ponds and the annual r~t_e of f ish production, the deeper the pond the higher the annual fish production per feddan. Application of lim;..og, manuring, fertilization and , supplementary feeding I The result illustrated that addition of such material is still very limited in many f ish ponds in the country. To about 25 of these fish farms fertilizers and/ or supplementary foods are added, f ish production from these group approach the range of about 600 Kg/Fed/y. while for the remaining 75 no fertilizers or supplementary food added, fish production at the rate of 32.0 Kg/Fed/y. was is obt awed. ’” stocldng rate a The result show that three stocking rate are normally applied, lower, normal and high stocking rate, fish productiQn is greatly influenced by the applied rate, . it was estimated that the production rates of (275 Kg/Fed/y, 460 Kg/Fed/y. and 284 Kg/Fed/y) are obtained from lower, normal and high stocked fish ponds respectivelyo Egyptian population and the addi tiona1 quantity of fie h needed. The result show that the Egyptian population is expected ~ to increase to 44.2 million in 1985, then to 49.1 million in - 1990 and again to”59.6 million in the year 2000. The total , . ,” additional quantity of fish needed to satisfy fish consumption for the expected increase in population as well as when the present rate of consumption increase from 4 Kg to 6 Kg then to 8 Kg and to 12 Kg! capita/year was estimated to be 118,000 ” , tons, 246,000 tons and 568,000 ton in the year 1985,1990 and . ” 2000 respectively. , Role of fish farming in food security programmes: The result show that, to take up fish farming 81\ profitable role in food security programmes either the present rates of production should increases to 1.1 ton 1n 1985, then to 2.4 tons in 1990 and to 5.1 tons in the year 2000, or the present rate should be increase~ from 400 Kg/Fed/y to 600 Kg! Fed/y then to 800 Kg! Fed/y. \and to one ton! Fed./Y~ at the same time the present area available for fish farming should be increases simultaneously to 295,000 Fed., then to 409833 Fed. and again to 567508 fed , , . in the years 1985, 1990 and 2000 respectively