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Abstract
This study was carried out at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo university, Egypt during two successive seasons 2004, 2005 to investigate the effect of chemical, yeast and biofertilization on the growth and active constituents of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) plant.
One level of the following bacterial strains mixture was used: Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Bacillus polymixa, Bacillus megatherium and Pseudomonas fluorescence. Also one level (6g/litre) of active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), in addition to three levels of the recommended dose (zero, 50% and 75%) of nitrogen and phosphorus (120 N unit/hectar and 60 P2O5 unit/hectar) were applied.
The results of these experiments can be summarized as follows:
The treatment of biofertilizer + 75% of the recommended dose of both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer led to the highest values of vegetative and chemical parameters compared to using active dry yeast + the same treatment of chemical fertilizers or using chemical fertilizers alone.
The increment in nitrogen and phosphorus levels from zero to 75% of the recommended dose led to a significant increment in all vegetative and chemical parameters.
Inoculating the plants with biofertilizer in the absence of nitrogen and phosphorus led to an increase in vegetative, yield and chemical parameters compared to the control or using active dry yeast alone.
The treatment of biofertilizer + 50% of the recommended dose of phosphorus fertilizer + 75% of nitrogen fertilizer or biofertilizer + 50% of both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer led to an increase in the most of vegetative and chemical parameters compared to using active dry yeast + 75% of both nitrogen and phosphorus recommended dose or using chemical fertilizers alone.
The increment of chemical fertilization from zero to 75% of the recommended dose of both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the presence of biofertilizer or yeast, generally decreased monoterpenes percentage, on the other hand increased sesquiterpenes percentage all over the untreated plants with chemical fertilizers (control).