الفهرس 
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Abstract
Copper is the 20 abundant element in the earth,s crust it occurs at a concentration of about 100g per ton of the earth,s. copper is a transition element it occurs in a range of oxidatioin states from copper (0 to copper IV .the copper I and copperII oxidation states are the most abundant oxidation states of copper ,copper II is the most stable of the two under normal conditions it form many simple compounds and coordinated complexes.