الفهرس 
الفصل الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Introduction
Most of psychology schools agreed that the self- adjustment is the identical word of its comprehensive concept, the point of view in East and West had agreed that self adjustment of a person is achieved by fulfilling his demands and his needs and also by decreasing his anxiety, but the new concept of self-adjustment that is shown by Mehkimr in psychology in 1978 , it was a specific transmission, as he dealt with deceasing anxiety
as it is included in death and nonexistence instincts and he asserts that the adjustment comes from irritation desire which exists in life instinct • also in 1981 Mehkimer talked about the positiveness of adjustment . one of the most important contributions in Mehkimer work was in 1984 through” Positiveness as the only standard for diagnosing adjustment of adults” this is a result of his efforts and his scientific development , Mehkimer wanted to make objection to some of concepts in diagnosing the adjustment of adults to raise man abilities • from static of the achieved to the dynamic of the achievable in the future . Mehkimer sees that the person without creative positivness is a barren.
The concept by this meaning as it is multiple vision and it is based on Hegel Dialecticism Sarter’s Existentialism and Netshe’s Poeetic talent, based on Psycho analysis, Gestalts and Phenomenology , all of these are melted in one place, then the positivness appeared as the unique standard for diagnosing the adjustment of adults and this is the scientific value for this concept in the clinic field. As the futurism was the basic concept of many psychological studies. this was a result of the human trend in psychology, as the people of this trend focused on the
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individual self-achievement, positive aspects of an
abilities investment and abilities usage.
With a deep thinking. Mehkimer determined the meaning of freedom anf futurism in man life ” While we are moving from the animal kingdom, we find an qualitative change makes man different qualitative animal, whereas the instincts are enough for most animals to achieve adjustment , it don’t draw man’s behavior but it is open and not complete attitudes .
But man with his abilities and his good imagination can change and to be eager to change himself , this is can’t be achieved without strong will , freedom is the real life and freedom can’t be achieved without a positivness full of ability to
present new things.
So, positivness here means that man is effective by his creative contribution in the environment to control it .
The problem of the study
The problem of the study is trying to inveterate the positiveness concept as a psychological concept didn’t get the supposed analysis and study in the Arabic and foreign studies except for some studies that didn’t cover all aspects of this concept and neglected many of its essential aspects for positivness ,this what Mehkimesr said in his book” Positivness as a Unique Standard
for Diagnosing Adjustment of Adults”.
The problem of the study also is that many of the scales that the researcher saw which dealt with positivness concept not more than translations and citations from foreign scales which were nearly fifty years ago , this is negative indicators for the shortage in the mechanism and tools of psychologists in most os psychology branches and its different schools which can’t cope with knowledge and technological development in all the science branches , in addition , this scales didn’t cope with our environment and our cultural, historical and religious features,
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scale that deals with positivness the researcher didn’t find any as a psychological independent concept .
The importance of the study and its objectives.
This study is considered as an attempt through which we can change positivness as imaginary concept to standard scale to measure the positive personality levels (normal), so, it became an diagnosing tool . So this study aims to :-
- Recognizing the basic dimensions of positivness as a standard for adults adjustment.
- Designing and standardizing a measuring tool driven from the arabic environment to measure the positivness level.
The procedural terminology of the study
** Positivness: It is the total rank(mark) that the individual get in the positivness scale for the Arab environment ( prepared by the researcher ) and consists of the six dimensions ( Rational thinking, Ego, Emotional constancy. confirmness, self-esteem
,Creative tending).
** Adults in the Arab environment:-
They are the university students in Sudia Arabia , Egypt, and Yemen ( post studies) their age is between 20 to 25 years and the age average is ( 22.7) years and standard deviation (1.2 ).
Previous studies:
The researcher presented some studies that dealt with positivness regarding the concept and the measuring and its realation with some other variables such as Bennison study(1979) it was about the realation between the effectiveness and attitudes of adults towards family and school , also Magdy Ebeed study (1981) : Designing the adjustment test for adults, Hend Sief El-Deen study (1985): A comparative study for adjustment and positivness of the police academy students and The Law faculty
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Sedeek study( 1986) : the students, Omar El-Farouk Effectiveness and its realation with self adjustment in the Egyptian grownups , Taha Abdel Azim (1987): the relation between the self concept and positivness of the university students , Ropert study (1990) : Effectiveness and its relation with the characteristics of ideal personality, Fiedler study (1997): the impact of positivness on memory,M.Ebrahim (2001) the positive characteristics of personality in terms of the two variables of gender and study specialization of the universityu students, Khaled El Daeef( 2005): d3velopment of positivness and ita impact in some psychological anxiety of a sample of university students, this study helped in clearing the theoretical concept of positivness and recognizing the different treatments for studying this concept and measuring it ,also implementing it
on different samples as well.
Sample of the study
The sample of this study is represented in the sample of standardizing sample on which the reliability and validity procedures of the Arab environment have been applied , it consists of (600) of the higher studies in the faculties of Education , their age is between 20-25 years with age average(22.7) and standard deviation (1.2) , this sample is divided into three groups each group is (200) students distributed on the three countries that representing the Arab environment:- (
Sudia Arabia, Egypt, Yemen).
The procedural steps to build the initial form of the scale.
A-Revising the theoretical framework and the previous studies that dealt with thew positivness concept and the growing up features of adults.
B-Determining the essential dimensions through:-
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*Preparing an open questionnaire about ” the concept of positivness and the characteristics of the positive person” and
implementing it on (50) of the university staff in the three countries.
*Preparing a survey to recognize the basic dimensions of
positivness of adults in the Arab environment, and implementing it on (20) of the university staff in the three countries .
*Determining the most related dimensions with positivness
these are (Rational thinking, Ego, Emotional constancy. confirmness ,self-esteem ,Creative tending).
C-The analytical study for some previous scales such as the
Multiple Aspects Test ( Louis Melikah and others 1959) , the Clinical analysis (M; El-Sayed 1998) , California Test for
personality , the test of normal personality( Huda Berada, Sayed Ghoneem 1964).
D-Preparing the initial forms of the scale it consists of (270) items each dimension is 45 items.
The procedural steps for standardizing the scale:
A- Scale reliability:
* Administering the reliability of the judges as the judgment was by 20 of the university staff in the three countries and the results were that they agreed on 261 items and canceling 9 items
and paraphrasing for eight items and adding six items so that the scale became 267 items .
*Administering the criterion validity which revealed the
correlation of each dimension of the scale dimensions with the criterion scale.
*administering the validity of comparison that result erasing 10
items because it is not significant , so the scale became 244 items.
B- The scale consistency
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*Repeating the implementation again on the standardizing groups by interval time 17 days in Sudia Arabia, and 20 days in Egypt, and 26 days in Yemen, the results were , there is a significant correlation between the two
implementations of the three groups.
*administering the internal homogeneity between the scale dimensions and the total mark of the standardizing groups , there was a significant correlation of the groups and the whole sample.
*administering the split division and extracting reliability coefficient to the standardizing groups and the sample as a whole. The reliability values were high.
*administering the mode possibilities to the items scale . The results showed that 15 items were omitted so the whole scale became 229 items.
*Item number 10 was omitted from the creative tending dimension randomly so that number of all items are equal in all dimensions.
The final form and the rating scale:
the positive ness towards Arabic environment scale consists of 228 items.6 items in each of the following dimensions:( Rational thinking, Ego, Emotional constancy. con firmness ,self-esteem ,Creative tending).the order of items took a round shape starting from the first dimension and ending with the sixth. The person is asked to respond to the scale by choosing either always ,sometimes, or rarely. The rating of items give3 or2orl in the same order. Hence the minimum degree is 228 and the maximum
degree is 684. The scale dimensions can be used as sub-scales.
Limitation of the study:
The present study is limited to its variables, a sample of post-graduate students in faculty of education in Saudi Arabia,
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statistical methods used in Yemen, and Egypt, and the standardizing the positive ness towards Arabic environment scale as a criterion to adult adjustment.