الفهرس 
External approach
Patient and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
External Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the standard treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction, with success rates consistently above 90% (Tarbet and cuuer, 1995). Since the development of endonasal microsurgical techniques, the endonasal approach represents itself as an alternative choice to the conventionalextemal approach. It is far less traumatic and avoids the need for a skin incision and disruption of the medial Canthal structure (Yung and Lea, 1998). Bndonasal DCRis practical, less traumatic, less time consuming, and cosmetically more convenient than the external approach. The success rate of the endoscopic DCR. procedure is comparable with that ’of traditional OCR and it also allows simultaneous correction of any intranasal pathology (Cokkeser and EYerekfiog/u, 2000). The most frequent cause of OCR failure are obstruction of the common canaliculous and closure of the osteotomy site, if the fibrous tissue growth and scarring can be inhibited by anti proliferative agents as mitornyein-c over the anastomosed flaps and osteotomy site, the failure rate may be decreased (Liao et at., 2000).