الفهرس 
Anatomy of the kidneyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The functions of me kidney include the excretion of metabolic waste products e.g. creatinine, urea, uric acid and foreign substances e.g. drugs, the regulation of the volume, osmolality, and ionic composition of body fluids.These excretory and homeostatic functions are accomplished through the interplay of three basic process, glomerular ultrafiltration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.Glomerular ultrafiltration average (160-180 liter/day) between four to five times that of total body water, is greatly reduced in volume and modified hi composition as ft passes down the nephron.Tubular reabsorption and secretion are responsible for the formation of a final urine, the volume and composition of which are such that water and solute excretion equals exogenous intake and/or endogenous production minus losses via the skin, lung, and gastrointestinal tract.The ability of the kidney to maintain a balance (urinary excretion = intake and/or production minus non-renal losses) of Na+, water, K, and H+ provides for the precise regulation of extracellular fluid (E.C.F) volume, body fluid, osmolality, body K and body fluid pH.