الفهرس 
Tobacco smokingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Studies have been revealed that smoking whether active or passive is associated with preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight and congenital anomalies among passive smoker ladies were as high as that of active smoker ladies. Evidence has been accumulating on the growth suppressing effects of maternal passive smoking on the fetus. Passive smoking during pregnancy causes abnormal morphological changes in the internal tissues of the newborn. The deleterious effects of active smoking on placental function have been discussed in numerous investigations. However few articles studying the effects of passive smoking on the placenta. The number of cigarette smoke was a poor indicator for the estimation of individual exposure to environmental tobacco smoke constituents. Hair nicotine measurements so far seem to be superior to other suggested methodologies (urine, blood and amniotic fluid analysis and questionnaire) for estimation of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Hence, the present study was carries out to investigate the effects of passive smoking on the histologic and ultrastructure of the full term human placenta in pregnant females during pregnancy and to correlate such effects with nicotine concentrations in hair samples of the mothers and their neonates. 133 Summary and conclusion Light microscopic examination was done as regards quantitative estimation of counts of syncytial knots, syncytial buds and vasculosyncytial membranes, and semiquantitative study of collagen density through out the villi. While, electron microscopic examination was carried out as regards semiquantitative study of basal laminae thickness, microvilli density, langhancs cell and cytoplasmic organelles. Hair samples were taken fiom 85 women including exposed and non-exposed to tobacco smoke and their babies immediately after birth. Followed by extraction of nicotine and measuring its level by HPLC system. Also placental samples were collected fiom all placentas immediately after labor. Followed by preparation and staining with hematoxylin and eosin stain as well as Masson’s trichrome stain for light microscopic examination and uranyl acetate and lead citrate stains for electron microscopic examination. All cases were divided into 4 groups according to nicotine concentrations in maternal hair and the associated placental pathology. group (I) represents the control group, where nicotine concentration was below lOng/mg (undetected), their number were 20 case, group (11) represents 30 case of passive smoking female in which nicotine concentration ranged from 15.6 to<24 glmg hair, group (111) 25 case of those in which nicotine ranged from 24.4 to <40 ng/mg and in group (IV) 10 cases in which nicotine concentration was <40 ng/mg hair.