الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
from early history, people have attempted to modify their physical appearance as a means of achieving beautifi-cation. So, this had led to usages of cosmetics, for example, (a) hair cosmetics which include, shampoos, condi-tioners, setting, colouring, waving and straightening, (b) eye make up, (c) lip stics, (d) nail enamel. The most important is hair cosmetics (Goode, 1979).
The hair performs no vital function in human, but their psychological and cosmetic functions are inestimable. On the other hand, their major function in warm blooded mammals is thermal insulation (Ebling, 1987).
Nowadays shampoos constitute one of the main products for personal care used by all strata of the population. The primary function of a shampoo, is to clean the hair and the scalp (Power, 1972), the secondary functions include lubrication, conditioning, body building, preventing of static charge build up (Rader and Tolgyesi,1975).
Shampoos may be classified according to function into: (a) conditioning shampoos, (b) antidandruff shampoos, (c) baby shampoos, (d) low pH shampoos, also it can be classified according to physical state into: (a) clear liquid shampoos, (b) liquid cream shampoos, (c) solid cream
shampoos, (d) oil shampoos, (e) aerosol foam shampoos, (f) dry shampoos.
Generally speaking shampoos for dry hair have a higher level of conditioner, while those for oily hair have a higher percentage of surfactant (Wilkinson and Moore, 1982).
Hair conditioner refers to any hair additive that promote appearance, feel, fullness, lubricity, reflectance and general manageability of hair. The action of condi-tioners are based on the deposition onto the hair surface or into the hair fiber of certain functional components that have resistance to subsequent water rinse (Idson and Lee, 1983).
Hair setting preparations are used to maintain the style in which the hair is set (Cornin, 1980), inspite of the movements involved in daily activity and despite the various environmental conditions to which hair is submitted, such as, wind, humidity, dryness, cold, heat and sun (Wilkinson and Moore, 1982).
Hair colouring has been practised by women and some-times by men since at least the day of the Pharoohs. Its primary purpose has been to conceal the onset of greying, but the development of sophisticated and simple techniques in modern society has encouraged the practice of changing
the hair colour, often at frequent intervals, as an expression of personality (Ebling et al-, 1986).
Hair dyes may be: (a) permanent where the colour is fast to shampooing, (b) semi-permanent hair dyes, it colours the hair for 6-8 weeks, (c) temporary, where the colour has to be readily applied and readily removed (Ratte, 1978; Maak, 1987).
The practice of relaxing curly and kinky hair probably began in the days of salvery. During this time blacks resorted to hog lard, butter and sometimes resins from trees to straighten their naturally curly hair. Now hair relaxing is done by heating a metal comb and combing the hair or by chemical substances (Harris, 1979).
Weight loss may cause profuse hair loss, so female that reduce their weights by starvation diet may show profuse hair loss (Kaufman, 1976).
Split ends can be defined as a forke-like or Y-shaped fracture of the hair fiber occurring at the distal tip. Split ends may be due to mechanical damage to hair, for example, brushing, hair cuts, shampooing, drying, also split ends may be due to solar radiation and ultraviolet light (Horiuchi, 1978). Lastly may be due to chemical damage to hair especially after it has been permanent waved or bleached (Robenson, 1975).
Split ends can be prevented by minimizing the tangling and abrasive effects of handling the hair by providing lubrication to reduce fiber friction. For repair of split ends protein have been used for many years in hair care products, for their substantivity and mending effects, so protein shampoos is used (Cannell, 1979).
Epilation refers to complete removal of the hair from the follicle, while depilation refers to removal of the hair at the skin level (Spoor, 1978).
Depilatory and epilatory products are used primary for cosmetic purpose, for example, chemical depilatories are used by women to remove unwanted hairs on legs or other parts of the body because it is considered unpleasant. Also chemical depilators are used to remove fascial hair in pseudofolliculitis barbe (Shevlin, 1974).