الفهرس 
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Abstract
Infection by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoptas-ma gQndti is
medically important for many reasons. The most pr,evalent symptomatic
manifestation, \ymphadenopathy usually has a benign course but is of different
diagnostic importance (Miettinen etal., 1980). The infection acquired during
childhood or in immunocompetent adult individauals is asymptomatic in 80%-
90% of eases. However, both symptomatic and subclinical primary toxlopll1smll
infections oceuring during pregnancy: can lead to congenital toxoplasmosis with
chorioretinitis and neurolQgic defects as frequent concequences (Couvreur and
Desmonts. 1962 and Thalhammer, 1973). Reactivation of latent toxoplasma. is,
on the other hand, will not result in congenital loxoplasmollis {De:-;mo
nts
aod
Couvreur, 1914).
These facts emphasize the ·Importance, especially during pregnancy of
distinction between primary infection and reactivation and of a..,ses~mellt of the
exact time of primary infection. This task is not easy, in order to diagnose
primany infectlon by show~g a seroconverslon of IgG antibodies. one must
obtain the primary sample of paried sera at an early stage of infection. Also
lQlrod\l.QtiollMd Aim Of Tb~ Work 2.
TOl«lplasma-IgG antibodies in many Patients with primary infection remain
detectable for a year or longer(RemingtoD et al., t968 and Karim and Ludlam,
1915).
Low avidity IgG ELlSA has been used in diagnosis of recent rubella virus
infection (Hedman et at. 1988) and in expedmental schistosoma infection
(Hassan et al., 1994).
The aim of this work is to eva’uate the role of low avidity of specific IgG
in diagnosis of recent primary toxoplasma infection.