الفهرس 
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Abstract
The efficacy of amikacin therapy is determined mainly by achieving the required clinical outcomes, which are shortening the duration of fever and improvement of the site of infection.
Recent studies suggest that the single daily dose regimen (SDD) of aminoglycosides results in higher plasma serum concentrations relative to the conventional dosing strategies, and in improvement of the drug efficacy by optimizing aminoglycoside concentration – dependent bactericidal activity (Rose Hatala, et al. 1997). Moreover, because of the extended dosing intervals and reduced drug accumulation, SDD regimen may result in reduced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Consequently the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the SDD against the multiple conventional dosing regimens of amikacin currently applied at the NCI. this dose must be appropriate to achieve the recommended peak plasma level of 20 to 30 µg / ml in order to ensure the efficacy of amikacin therapy. The recommended peak plasma levels were obtained only in three groups (PIIA, PI and AA), this is shown in table (13) and Fig. (13). Achieving this recommended peak plasma levels, the duration of fever became shorter in these three groups. Patients in groups PIIA, AA were receiving amikacin every 12 hours and by dose escalation to 20mg/kg/day, the recommended peak plasma level of amikacin was reached and consequently the duration of fever became shorter, than that of patients in the corresponding groups; AN and PIIN, which were not subjected to dose escalation