الفهرس 
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Abstract
Bonding orthodontic brachets to porcelain is a challenge due to the many factors involved in this bond , that’s why this study was conducted to determine the best way to achieve such a bond.
This study aimed to compare the tensile and shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded to porcelain after six different the SEM.
102porcelain fused to metal samples were made, 84 out of the 102 were hydrated for one week , then divided into six equal groups, and each group had a different surface treatment as follows:
Group- 1 : control did not receive any surface treatment.
Group- 2 : was roughened with a coarse diamond bur.
Group- 3 : was treated with an aqueous solution of NaF 4.3% for 8 minutes.