الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is usually the result of Grave’s disease or toxic nodular goiter, but it may be caused by a variety of other condition. The diagnosis is usually suggested by clinical manifestations, which may be dramatic or occult, and confirmed by documenting increased serum levels of T3 and T4 and increased uptake of radioactive iodine. In some patients a TRH test, a T3 suppression test, or documented increased serum level of TSI or antithyroid antibodies are helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Imaging studies for thyroid gland (ultrasonography and scanning) give graphic representation of the distribution of radioactive iodine in the gland. Thyroid scanning is useful in identifying whether thyroid nodules are hot or cold. Once the diagnosis has been made, treatment is initially with antithyroid medications. In patients with small goiters, this may be effective, but most patients will subsequently require definitive treatment with surgery or radioactive iodine .
The antithyroid medications, carbimazole and methimazole, (the active metabolite of carbimazole) inhibit or decrease microsomal antibodies and thyroid stimulating antibodie