الفهرس 
Review of literatureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bladder cancer is closely associated with a number of toxic, occupational, and environmental exposures. It was first related to aniline-derived dyes by the end of the 19th century.
Cigarette smoking is now recognized as a major cause of bladder cancer in developing countries, increasing the risk two to threefold in North American and Europa. Although much less information is available from developing countries, a recent study in Egypt indicated that smoking was strongly associated with bladder cancer in males.
The association between schistosomiasis and bladder cancer was confirmed. It was reported that about 80% of squamous cell carcinomas in Egypt are associated with chronic infestation with schistosoma haematobium.
Glutathione S transferase M1 enzyme (GSTM1), is involved in the detoxification of many types of xenobiotics as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in tobacco smoke. The GSTM1 null (0/0) genotype for this results in loss of the activity of the enzyme. Most studies examining the relation between bladder cancer and GSTM1 gene had reported an increased association between the GSTM1 null genotypes and bladder cancer.
This study was planned and carried out of the Clinical Biochemistry and Urology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Minoufiya University. This study was done in order to evaluate the role of glutathione S transferase null genotype as a risk factor in occurrence of bladder cancer.