الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
MR cholangiography is an exciting new application of MR imaging that combines the advantages of projectional and cross sectional imaging echniques.
Choledocholithiasis and malignant bile duct obstruction are the most common diseases that involve the biliary system. Among the imaging techniques currently advocated for evaluating the biliary tree, sonography and CT are most frequently used in the initial ealuation of patients with symptoms and signs referable to the biliary system. In many instances, particulary in cases of malignant bile duct obstruction, sonography and CT provide the necessary information or planning furthermore treatment.
However, when choledocholithiasis or an inflammatory stenosis is primarily suspected, direct opacification of the biliary tree or of the pancreatic duct is usually required. Current techniques for direct visualisation of the biliaiy tree include ERCP and, to a lesser extent PTC.