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Abstract
Removal of the nucleus by U/S can be performed using a number of techniques. The techniques will be split into two groups, those developed before the advent of capsulorhexis and those invented afterwards.
Many techniques of nucleo-fracture were developed however the most popular technique of nucleo-fracture is the cross nucleo-fracture (quartering) technique: or in situ fracture) which developed by Shepherd in 1990.
The objective of sculpting is to create one or more grooves in the nucleus. They must be wide and deep enough to allow the surgeon to fracture the nucleus with a two handed maneuver.
Nucleo-fracture technique was facilitated by developed of new phacoemulsification and the nucleus is split into two to four or more portions that will be emulsified.
In the past, we were dealing with sculpting based procedures but now we are switched on aspiration based procedures and cavitations energy.