الفهرس 
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Abstract
The results of the present work, were in agreement with that have been reported by Berger et al. (1988) who examined the association between bone marrow micrometastases and the conventional pathologic characteristic. Of the total 285 tumours, (27%) were positive for bone marrow micrometastases and (73%) were negative. There was significant correlation with lymph node involvement (P= 0.01), size of the tumour, but a weaker association with estrogen receptors. Berger et al. (1998) analysed each of these pathologic features and found that vascular invasion and size of the tumor are strongly associated with the presence of EMA positive cells in bone marrow.
Cote et al. (1988) have reported the memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience using antibodies applied to bone marrow aspirates in 51 patients with operable breast cancer. They used C26 and T16 (antibodies to membrane and cytoskeletal proteins of epithelial cells) and AE1 (an anticytokeratin antibody) and, therefore, required both membrane and cytoplasmic staining for a cell to be viewed as positive. Specimens consisted of aspirates from the sternum and each anterior iliac crest obtained under general anaesthesia before breast surgery, 35% of patients had antibody positive cells in their bone marrows with negative cytology on Wright Giemsa. Six of 22 node-negative patients versus twelve of 22 node positive patients had antigen positive.