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Abstract
1- Three styles of printing were selected and used throughout this investigation, namely: Direct printing, discharge printing and resist printing.
2- A special technique of direct printing was used for printing natural silk by using TCA with reactive dye.
3- The reactive dyes which were used in this work i.c.
A. Sumifix supra Red 3BF (MCT/VS)
B. Cibacron Red FNR
C. Vinazol Blue 2GFS (VS)
4- The relation between the factors concentrations i.c.(TCA, Urea and Irgazol), and the fixation of reactive dye was studied and the optimum conditions were determined for each one.
5- It was concluded that by increasing the TCA concentration, the capability of silk fiber to absorb the reactive dye increased too; increased dye absorption means greater chance of covalent reaction and hence higher dye fixation.
6- The action of both temperature and time of the printing processes were also studied for determining the most effective temperature and the most suitable time of direct printing for achieving maximum color strength on natural silk.
7- The optimum steaming conditions available for realizing maximum fixation of reactive dyes on silk fabric are steaming at 120°C for 30 min.
8- The efficiency of dye fixation on silk fabric were subjected to extraction by using a mixture of 10% pyridine, 20% formic acid (85%) and 70% water. It was observed that all the fixed reactive dyes on silk fabrics were covalently bonded to fibroin polymer chains by using TCA.
9- The excellent stability of the printing paste that including TCA and reactive dyes of different types for storing were detected
10- The apparent viscosity of the printing paste increases gradually by increasing TCA concentrations
11- An excellent fastness properties especially to washing, light and perspiration, while, the crocking properties achieve satisfactory results.