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Abstract
The candidate’s own work presented in this thesis was undertaken with a view.
1) To investigate the possibility of using environmentally friendly finishing agents, namely, citric acid (CA) or Arkofix NEC-ET together with chitosan to induce both case of care and antimicrobial characteristics along with improved dyeability to cotton fabric and;
2) To study the effect of incorporation of reactive cyclodextrin (R-CD) in easy care finished cotton on fabric performance.
Summary of and main conclusions arrived at from these studies are given below.
I.Use of Chitosan to improve ease of care characteristics of finished cotton fabric.
The effect of addition of chitosan in the treating formulation of easy care finishing of cotton fabric was studied. Incorporation of chitosan in two easy care finishing formulations of cotton fabric based on N-methylol derivatives and poly carboxylic acid was done. Arkofix (modified dimethylol- dihydroxy ethylene urea, DMDHEU) was used as an example of N-methylol derivatives whereas citric acid was choosen as a example of polycabroxylic acid crosslinkers for cotton fabric. Each ease the cotton fabric was treated at different conditions per the pad-dry-cure method. These conditions included proce sequence and chitosan concentration. The onset of the addition chitosan in the finishing formulation on the performa properties of the finished cotton fabric was investigated. T properties comprised nitrogen content, wrinkle recovery angle, tensile strength, elongation at break, dyeing and fastness properties as well as antimicrobial properties of the finished cotton fabric. Evaluation of the environmental impact of using chitosan in easy care finishing of cotton fabric was also investigated Environmental impact was evaluated through monitoring COD, TDS as well as reduction in wastewater.
Results obtained showed that it is advantageous to treat the cotton fabric with a bath containing the crosslinking agent, the catalyst and the chitosan (dissolved in 1% acetic acid) all together. Lower chitosan add-on on cotton fabric (as indicated by decreasing in nitrogen content) or lower wrinkle recovery angle were obtained when the cotton fabric was treated with finishing formulation then with chitosan or vis-versa. It was also disclosed that the incorporation of 20 g/l of chitosan (dissolved in 1% acetic acid) in finishing formulation lessens the severity of crosslinking as evidenced by higher strength properties and lower wrinkle recovery angle of the finished cotton fabric as compared with that obtained without chitosan. No-salt dyeing of cotton fabric finished with Arkofix or by citric acid in presence of 20 g chitosan exhibited higher k/s values compared with similarly finished fabrics without chitosan. Moreover the enhancement in K/s value of the prefinished then dyed fabric relied on type of crosslinking agent, and nature of dye used. Incorporation of chitosan in the finishing formulation reduced TDS in waste-water by about 70% and decreased the total amount of water used in finishing and dyeing from 500 lit/kg fabric to 400 lit/kg fabric meanwhile COD was nearly intact. Moreover, the fabric showed an antimicrobial properties.