الفهرس 
InstrumentationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Laparoscopy was introduced into gynaecology primarily as a diagnostic tool. However in recent years, laparoscopy has gained universal acceptance as an operative modality. Until recently most major gynecologic surgery was peformed by laparotomy or by vaginal route. In the last decade the shift has been toward a laparoscopic approach. Indeed as many as 50% of cases that previously would have required laparotomy are now carried out laparoscopically. This figure is expected to increased in the near future. The rapid improvement in endoscopic technology has led to important changes in the quality and reliability of the available equipment so that an increasing number of gynecologic operative procedures can be performed endoscopically. Indeed, laparoscopy has become one of the most frequently performed operative procedures in gynecologic practice. This rapid change has been driven by many factors, which include; advances in technology, economic considerations, impetus from the instrument manufactures, the introduction of new method of energy delivery (lasers, Argon beam), use of video and not the least, consumer pressure. Why look through the keyhole when you can open the door?” was a disparaging remark made by eminent member of the gynecologic establishment following the predentation of some observations by one of this century’s pioneers of laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is now the most frequently performed gynecologic procedure. It is now apparent that almost every gynecologic procedure can be effected by means of laparoscopy access.The work of the modern surgical innovators has only been possible because of the efforts of the early pioneers both in the medical and the technologic spheres. The answer to the question, ”why look through the keyhole when you can open the door?” has been resoundingly answered by the next question, ” why open the door at all?”. Endoscopic surgery is progressing to be the surgery of the future. The advantage to the patient and to the health services are immense in the saving of time in hospital, in postoperative recovery and early return to work. Lparoscopy has become an effective and precise diagnostic and treatment procedure in gynaecology.