الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients harboring A. actinomycetemcomitans are prime candidates for systemic antibiotics. Synthetic antibiotics have many disadvantages, so the search for natural antibacterial agent is important to be used as adjunctive to mechanical therapy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of propolis as an adjunctive antibiotic in the treatment of AgP. Methods: Twenty one patients were included in the present study. They were divided into three groups of seven patients each. All patients had undergone phase I and II periodontal therapy in addition to the intake of propolis in group I, and clindamycin in group II. Patients in group III had undergone the same periodontal therapy but without the use of antibiotics. Clinical parameter were evaluated before and three months after treatment. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline, after phase I, after phase II by six weeks and three months. Results: There was no significant difference between the three groups in the plaque and gingival indices recorded after the end of the treatment. Regarding the PPD and CAL, there was significant difference between the three groups after the end of the treatment. The reduction of PPD and improvement of CAL in group I was significantly greater than those in group II and in group III. Microbiological data showed that all samples collected before starting the treatment were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans. After scaling and root planing, only five patients’ samples were negative for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Six weeks after surgical treatment, all patients’ samples were negative. Three months after surgical treatment, all patients in group I showed negative cultures for A. actinomycetemcomitans, four patients out of seven in group II showed negative culture results, and only two patients in group III showed negative results. Conclusion: The above mentioned data suggest a beneficial effect of adjunctive propolis in the treatment of AgP by eradicating the main causative microorganism A. actinomycetemcomitans. Moreover, better outcomes including more PPD reduction and more CAL gain were obtained with the adjunctive use of propolis than that obtained with clindamycin use.