الفهرس 
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Abstract
Blood components include red blood cells, platelets, plasma, albumin, and cryoprecipitate. Transfusion of different blood components is indicated for numerous reasons including: improving oxygen delivery, to decrease risk of infection, to maintain intravascular volume and overall homeostasis. Red Blood Cells are separated from whole blood donations by centrifugation or collected by aphaeresis method. Up to 50% of PICU receive red blood cell transfusion due to many reasons include acute blood loss (e.g., from trauma, surgery or gastrointestinal bleeding), iatrogenic blood loss from diagnostic testing. According to WHO recommendation there is no blood transfusion to improve general condition. It is indicated only when benefits exceed the risks of transfusion. Platelets derived from whole blood, is indicated in thrombocytopenia or thrombathenia to prevent or to treat bleeding and to maintain target platelet count. There are limitations of platelet transfusion in certain conditions as: ITP: platelet transfusions are not indicated unless there is life-threatening bleeding, TTP, HIT and HUS: platelet transfusions are a relative contraindication and may worsen the patient’s condition.