الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major public health concern, resulting in increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis related fractures impose a considerable economic burden on health care systems and the disease has severe debilitating consequences if left untreated. Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis affects mainly postmenopausal women, although younger women and men can also be affected due to underlying diseases and medications such as hypogonadism, hyperthyrodism, hyperparathyrodism, diabetes mellites, cushing syndrome, anorexia nervosa, and medications which cause osteoporosis include long-term use of heparin, antiseizure medications such as phenytoin and phenobarbital, and long-term use of oral corticosteroids.